【被动语态强调句型】要点总结.doc

一、被动语态的构成形式1.?被动语态的基本时态变化　　被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,?被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：　??? 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词)?一般现在时　　例：Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.???????2）?has /have been done?现在完成时　　例：All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.　　3）?am/is /are being done?现在进行时　　例：A new cinema is being built here．　　4）?was/were done?一般过去时　　例：I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.　　5）?had been done?过去完成时　　例：By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.　　6）?was/were being done?过去进行时　　例：A meeting was being held when I was there.　　7）?shall/will be done/ be going to be done/ be about to be done/ be to be to done一般将来时　　例：Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.　　8）?should/would be done; was/ were going to be done; was/ were about to be done; was/ were to be to done一般将来时　　例：The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.　　9）?shall/will have been done?将来完成时（少用）　　例：The project will have been completed before July.　　10）?should/would have been done?过去将来完成时（少用）　　例：He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon. 2.?被动语态的特殊结构形式　　 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。　　 例：The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.　 　2)?有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语， 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语.?????? ?例：His mother gave him a present for his birthday.??????????? 可改为?He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.　 　3)?当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。　??? 例：Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.?????????? 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.　 　4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但为为被动结构时，要加to。　 　例：Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.????????? ?可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.? ?　5)?有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。　 　例：The meeting is to