[整理]定语从句全掌握.docVIP

定语从句全掌握 Ⅰ. 概念： (1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。 (2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 (3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用： 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词； 2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语） 常用的关系代词: that（在从句中作主语，宾语，表语；可指人或物）, which（在从句中作主语，宾语，表语或定语；只可指物）, who（主格，在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语；只可指人），whom（宾格，在从句中作宾语；只可指人），whose（属格，在从句中作定语，可指人或物）, as (在从句中作主语，宾语，表语; 可指人或物, 通常指代事); but (文语, 置于否定词之后=that/who…not…, 没有……不……, 在从句中作主语，宾语) 常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when(时间状语), why（原因状语）, where（地点状语）, how（方式状语） (4) 句子成分： 主语---谓语动词前; 宾语-介宾或及物动词的宾语； 表语-be动词后或系动词后； 状语-时间状语、地点状语、原因状语，etc. 例如: 1.The student who answered the question was John. (Who 做关系代词引导定语从句,修饰先行词student, who在从句中用作主语.) 2.I know the reason why he was so angry. (Why做关系副词, 修饰先行词reason, why在从句中作原因状语.) 3.The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother. (Whom做关系代词,修饰先行词boy, whom在从句中作宾语.) 4. Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea. (Whose做关系代词, 修饰先行词room, whose在从句中用作定语,可代之以of which) 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词； 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）； 第三选择合适的关系词。 Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法： 一、that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如： 1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语) 2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now? 3. You can take anything ( that) you like. （宾语） 4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about? 5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see. 6. Shes no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.（表语） 7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be.= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.= Our hometown is different from what it used to be.= Our hometown is not what it used to be. 二、which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如： 1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语） 2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语） 3. The factory in which his father works is far from here. 4. He was proud, which his brother never was. （表语） 5. Tom spent four years in college, during