土木工程专业英语演示课件Unit4.pptVIP

Unit 4 第四单元 ;教学目标;Introduction 介绍; As you can see already from the variety of materials, forces, and shapes mentioned, Mechanics of Engineering Materials is of interest to（对..有价值）all fields of engineering. The engineer uses the principles of Mechanics of Materials to determine if the material properties and the dimensions of a member are adequate to（足以）ensure that it can carry its loads safely and without excessive distortion. In general（通常）, then, we are interested in both the safe load that a member can carry and the associated（相关的）deformation. Engineering design would be a simple process if the designer could take into consideration（考虑）the loads and the mechanical properties of the materials, manipulate（利用）an equation, and arrive at（得到）suitable dimensions. ; Design is seldom that simple. Usually（通常）, on the basis of（根据）experience, the designer selects a trial（试算） member and then does an analysis to see if that member meets the specified requirements. Frequently（常常）, it does not and then a new trial member is selected and the analysis repeated. This design cycle（设计周期） continues until a satisfactory solution is obtained. The number of cycles（循环次数） required to find an acceptable design diminishes as the designer gains experience.; 正如你已经从提到的各种各样的材料、力和形状所看到的，工程材料力学对所有的工程领域都有价值。工程师利用材料力学的原理来确定是否该材料的性能和构件尺寸足以保证它能安全地承受荷载且没有过多的变形。通常，我们关心的是构件能承受的安全荷载及其相应的变形。如果设计者能通过考虑荷载和材料的力学性能，并利用公式得到合适的构件尺寸，那么工程设计将是一个简单的过程。然而设计很少那么简单。通常，根据经验，设计者选择一个试算构件，然后进行分析，看它是否满足规定的要求。它常常不会满足要求，则再选择一个新的试算构件，再进行分析。这样的设计不断重复，直至得到一个满意的结果。当设计师拥有一定的经验后，为得到一个可接受的设计所需要的循环次数会减少。; Design of Axially Loaded Members 轴向力构件的设计 To give you some insight into （使..有一些了解）the design cycle, an extremely simple member will be dealt with first. That member is a prismatic bar with a force, P, acting along its longitudinal axis in the direction（纵轴向）such that it tends to elongate the bar. Such a force is referred to as（称为）an axial tensile load（轴向拉力）, and we can readily imagine it trying to（努力..