计算机图形学-4剖析答辩.ppt

Computer Graphics;Rendering via Sampling;Combining Radiosity and Ray Tracing?;Disadvantage to Both:;The Rendering Equation: Area Formulation(e.g., Finite Elements);The Rendering Equation: Hemisphere Formulation(e.g., General Irradiance Situation);Integration via Randomization Algorithm;Las Vegas vs. Monte CarloRandom Sampling;Na?ve Integration via Discretization;Monte Carlo Terminology;;;Expected Value;Expected Value Properties;Monte Carlo Estimator (Uniform random variable);Visualizing MC Estimator from 4 Samples;Monte Carlo Estimator (Arbitrary random variable);Monte Carlo Estimator (Multiple Dimensions);Monte Carlo Properties;So what do we need for Monte Carlo Integration?; 1;Toy Example: Discrete Bins;Inversion Method (If CDF is continuous and invertible);Example: Power Distribution (arises from microfacet model);The Rejection Method (Throw darts!);Examples of Rejection Sampling;Direct Approach to Disk Sampling;Monte Carlo Integration: Sampling over a Hemisphere;Sampling over Spheres and Hemispheres;Cosine-Weighted Hemisphere Sampling;Malley’s Method;Projection into Hemisphere;Forming the Sample Ray;Back to Monte Carlo Path Tracing;Monte Carlo Path Tracing;More Samples = Higher Cost but Less Noise!;Evaluating the Radiance Arriving at the Eye;How to Stop Recursion?;Sampling Le(x ? ?)Direct Illumination: First Option;Sampling Le(x ? ?)Direct Illumination: Second Option;Sampling 2D Piecewise-Constant Functions(Used for texture maps and environment maps);Sampling Lr(x ? ?) Indirect Illumination;Multiple Importance Sampling;Importance Sampling: Light Source(s);Importance Sampling: Cosine;Importance Sampling: BRDF;MC Path Tracing Difficult Case;Bi-Directional Path Tracing;Bi-Directional Path Tracing;Temporal Anti-Aliasing -- Motion Blur;Monte Carlo Path Tracing and Temporal Anti-Aliasing;Monte Carlo Path Tracing in Time/Camera Space;Monte Carlo Path Tracing in Time/Camera Space;Monte Carlo Path Tracing in Time/Camera Space;Monte Carlo Path Tracing in Time/Came