高中英语新人教必修二Unit3Computers-Grammar[课件].ppt

The Present Perfect Passive Voice;1) 现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词) 现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用, 如: yesterday, two weeks ago, in 1978, when I got there 等, 现在完成时常与 already, always, often, ever, never, yet, not...yet, just等不表示明确;的时间副词连用, 还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since, for 的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如: now, today, this month, this year, recently, these few days 等。不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词，如：be, have, like, love, know, believe, hate等。 一般过去时则是表示过去某时发生的动作或情况, 与现在毫无关系。;2) 现在完成进行时 (have/has + been + 现在分词）;;5) 现在完成时的被动语态 (have/has +been + 过去分词） 如: The radio has been repaired when we phoned the shop. 6) 带???态动词的被动语态 (情态动词 + be + 过去分词) 如: This can be done in a few minutes.;7) 动词不定式的被动式 (to be + 过去分词) 如: It is an honor for me to be asked　to speak here. ;　 现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响, 其构成是: have/has been + done。例如： 1. The dirty clothes have been washed. 脏衣服都已经洗了。 2. The plan has been studied by the experts for three times. 这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。;3. The child has been taken care of by Grandma Wang all these years. 这些年来, 这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。; 它们的构成的区别在最后的动词上, 被动态接的是过去分词形式, 现在完成进行时接的是现在分词形式。;2. 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。如: The door has been locked. 门已经被锁上了。 3. 动作或状态始于过去, 持续到现在, 并可能持续下去。如： He has been told about it for many times. 有人告诉他这事很多次了。 （可能还会有人告诉他）;4. 用在时间和条件状语从句中, 表示将来 某时已完成的动作。如： We’ll start as soon as the work has been finished. 工作一完成我们就立即动身。 ;注意:;2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态 1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如： [误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. [正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.;2) open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如： [误] The door has been opened of itself. [正] The door has opened of itself.;4. 一些特殊动词, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思， 则需改换动词或时态。如：; My brother has had(不能用has bought