1。心的外形和腔内结构教程.pptVIP

Contents;Introduction to Vascular System;The vascular system is a closed network of vessels in the body. It is subdivided into the cardiovascular and the lymphatic systems. The cardiovascular system consists of the blood, the heart, and the blood vessels which include the arteries, capillaries and veins. It transports numerous substances to and from cells for their survival and is sometimes called the circulatory system. The lymphatic system is composed of lymphatics, lymphoid tissue and lymphoid organs. It transports a fluid (called lymph) that has escaped from blood vessels back to bloodstream at the junction of the jugular and subclavian veins at both sides of the neck. The lymphatic system is an immune and defensive system of the body. ;Cardiovascular System;Blood Circulation ;;;The arteries and veins of the pulmonary circuit have thinner walls than do systemic vessels of comparable diameter, reflecting the fact that the maximum arterial pressure here is only one-sixth that in the systemic circuit. ;;Functions of Vascular System;Vascular Anastomosis and Significance;Colleteral Anatomosis Colleteral Circulation;Part 2 ;1. Size;2. Location;The angle between the cardiac axis and midsagittal plane is proximately 45 degree.;Since the heart has rotated slightly to the left during embryonic development, therefore, the atria are posterior and superior to the ventricles, and the right atrium and ventricle are anterior to the left atrium and ventricle and to the right. So: The right atrium forms the right border of the heart. The right ventricle forms most potions of sternocostal surface and small portions of diaphragmatic surface. The left atrium forms the base of the heart and lies in the back of the heart. The left ventricle forms the left border, apex and most portions of the diaphragmatic surface of the heart.;心的位置与体型有关，故正常心按位置分三型： （1）垂位心 纵径与垂直轴的夹