英汉翻译第3讲可译性与不可译性.pptVIP

英汉翻译第三讲;每日一句;生命是甜美的。 人乃万物之灵。 你笑，世界也陪你笑。 于运用理智之人，人生乃一悲剧； 于诉诸感觉之人，人生乃一喜剧。 睡眠是窃贼，偷走一半人生。 ; Assignment Our life is a brief span measuring some sixty or seventy in all, but nearly one half of this has to be spent in sleep; some years have to be spent over our meals; some over dressing and undressing; some in making journeys on land and voyages by sea; some in merrymaking, either on our own account or for the sake of others; some in celebrating religious and social festivities; some in watching over the sickbeds of our nearest and dearest relatives. Now if all these years were to be deducted from the term over which our life extends we shall find about fifteen or twenty years at our disposal for active work.; That’s Not My Job This is a story about four people: Everybody, Somebody, Anybody and Nobody. There was an important job to be done and Everybody was sure that Somebody would do it. Anybody could have done it but Nobody did it. Somebody got angry about that, because it was Everybody’s job. Everybody thought Anybody could do it but Nobody realized that Everybody wouldn’t do it. It ended up that Everybody blamed Somebody when Nobody did what Anybody have done.;Warm-up Exercise;汉语亦有不可英译的成分; 由于各民族的文明化进程大致相同, 思维方式和生活 内容也大同小异, 衣食住行本质上也没有太大的差别, 语 言的生成原理也都是一致的, 这就决定了语言之间的互 译互通是可能的。否则，人类社会发展到今天将是不可 想象的，人类的相互交流也就无从谈起。 因此，英汉两种语言之间能互通互译的成分肯定是占 绝大多数，不可译的只是一小部分。并且这一小部分主 要是由表达方式和文化差异造成的。实际上，由于语言 具有一种奇妙的力量，再难于翻译、难于理解的语言差 异总是能找到变通的法子。换句话说，所谓的“可译性” 与“不可译性”总是可以找到变通的补偿手段的。语言文 化交流过程中，许多曾经无法传译的内容，通过各种语 言变通手段，最终都得到了很好的处理。 ; 如，英文单词humor, 以前汉语完全没有这个概念，采用音译法 译成汉语“幽默”不就解决问题了吗？logic译成“逻辑”；hysteria被 为“歇斯底里”, tank译为“坦克”等等就是很好的例子。当然，这种 变通译法会造成译文“失彩”或 “失真”等不可避免的令人遗憾的现 象，译者的主要任务就是要把翻译过程中“失彩”和“失真”的程度降 到最低点。此外，“不可译”语言现象大都出现在文学作品或俚俗语 或刻意为之的文字游戏里。如下面这则用回文辞格(palindrome)写 成的墓志铭： Shall we all die? We shall all die; All die shall we---