Public transport电子课件1.pptVIP

Grammar and usage;Verb-ing verb-ed ;v-ing形式作定语;Verb-ing短语 The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory. They lived in a house facing south. ;某些情况下，定语不能用v-ing 形式，必须用定语从句。;;;v-ed形式作定语 ;Verb-ed短语 We have read many novels written by this author. (= that are written by this author) The meeting, attended by 1,000 students, was a success. (= which was attended by 1,000 students) ;v-ing v-ed作定语的区别 ;2．不及物动词-ing形式表示动词正在进行，而-ed形式表示动作已完成，并不带有被动的含义。 falling leaves?正在飘落的叶子 fallen leaves?落叶 an escaped prisoner = a prisoner who has escaped 逃犯 a retired worker = a worker who has retired 退休工人;V-ing形式作状语;1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 　　 Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination. (= After we have made full preparations...) 2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. (= Since he was ill...) 3 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。 　　 His father died, leaving him a lot of money. (= and left him a lot of money.);4 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. =If you work hard at your lessons... 5 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。 　　 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. = Although they knew all this... 6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。 　　 He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. = ...and stared at the sky for a long time;动词-ed形式作状语和动词-ing形式作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。但其动作执行者与句子主语是被动一致。;1 动词-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. = When the city is seen from the tower... 有时动词-ed形式前可加连词when, while等来强调时间概念。 Once recovered, he went all out to do his work.;;4 动词-ed形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。 Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. (= Although they were exhausted by the running ...);为了使-ed形式表示的条件、动词让步意义更加明显，我们可以加上适当的连词。 Even if invited, I wont go. Though beaten by the opposite team, they did not lose heart. Unless invited, he will not come back to the company. ;5 动词-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。 The te