曼昆《经济学原理》2_3(EnglishVersion).pptVIP

2;;;The Scientific Method: Observation, Theory, and More Observation;The Role of Assumptions;Economic Models;Our First Model: The Circular-Flow Diagram;Figure 1 The Circular Flow;Our First Model: The Circular-Flow Diagram;Our First Model: The Circular-Flow Diagram;Our First Model: The Circular-Flow Diagram;Our Second Model: The Production Possibilities Frontier;Figure 2 The Production Possibilities Frontier;Our Second Model: The Production Possibilities Frontier;Figure 3 A Shift in the Production Possibilities Frontier;Microeconomics and Macroeconomics;THE ECONOMIST AS POLICY ADVISOR;POSITIVE VERSUS NORMATIVE ANALYSIS;Positive or Normative Statements? An increase in the minimum wage will cause a decrease in employment among the least-skilled. POSITIVE Higher federal budget deficits will cause interest rates to increase. POSITIVE ;Positive or Normative Statements? The income gains from a higher minimum wage are worth more than any slight reductions in employment. NORMATIVE State governments should be allowed to collect from tobacco companies the costs of treating smoking-related illnesses among the poor. NORMATIVE;Economists in Washington;Economists in Washington;WHY ECONOMISTS DISAGREE;Table 2 Ten Propositions about Which Most Economists Agree;美国和日本工人每人每年可以生产4辆汽车。一个美国工人1年可以生产10吨粮食，而一个日本工人1年可以生产5吨粮食。假设每个国家有1亿工人，他们能以不变的比例在一种物品与另一种物品之间进行转换。 1、画出日本和美国的生产可能性边界。 2、美国和日本生产一辆汽车的机会成本分别是多少?粮食呢？ 3、没有贸易时，每个国家有一半工人生产汽车，一半工人生产粮食。每个国家能生产和消费多少汽车和粮食？ 4、若美国专门生产粮食，日本专门生产汽车，并且日本以1亿辆车交换2亿吨粮食，两国各生产和消费多少汽车和粮食？;Interdependence and the Gains from Trade;Interdependence and the Gains from Trade;Interdependence and the Gains from Trade;A PARABLE FOR THE MODERN ECONOMY;Table 1 The Production Opportunities of the Farmer and Rancher;Production Possibilities;Figure 1 The Production Possibilities Curve;Figure 1 The Production Possibilities Curve;The farmer should produce potatoes. The rancher should produce meat.;Table 2 The Gains from Trade: A Summary;Figure 2 How Trade Expands the Set of Consu