NEOPLASM （文字部分）.pptVIP

NEOPLASM （文字部分）;;;;;1. 肿瘤的一般形态和结构;All tumors, benign and malignant, have two basic components: (1) proliferating neoplastic cells that constitute their parenchyma 实质(2) supportive stroma间质 made up of connective tissue and blood vessels.;2. 肿瘤的异型性 atypia;Degree of differentiation分化Differentiation refers to the extent to which neoplastic cells resemble comparable normal cells, both morphologically and functionally; lack of differentiation is called anaplasia 间变.;间变 anaplasia;肿瘤组织结构的异型性;Cellular atypia 异型性;正常细胞的特点;恶性细胞的特点;3. 肿瘤的生长与扩散;肿瘤血管形成;One can begin the consideration of tumor cell kinetics by asking the question: How long does it take to produce a clinically overt tumor mass?;肿瘤的演进和异质化;肿瘤的生长方式;肿瘤生长方式;肿瘤的扩散;;metastasis;;;恶性肿瘤浸润机制Invasion of the ECM is an active process that can be resolved into 4 steps;肿瘤分级 grading;Staging分期;4 肿瘤对机体的影响;;恶性肿瘤在机体引起的继发病变;Paraneoplastic syndromes are important to recognize, for several reasons:;Paraneoplastic syndromes;良性肿瘤和恶性肿瘤的区别;Comparisons Between Benign and Malignant Tumors;;6 肿瘤的命名和分类;Nomenclature and classification;Nomenclature of Tumors;Nomenclature of Tumors;;肿瘤分类;7. 常见肿瘤举例;乳头状瘤 papilloma;腺瘤 adenoma;囊腺瘤 cystadenoma;纤维腺瘤 fibroadenoma;多形性腺瘤 pleomorphic adenoma;息肉状腺瘤 polypous adenoma;恶性上皮组织肿瘤;Squamous cell carcinoma;Basal cell carcinoma;Transitional cell carcinoma ;Adenocarcinoma;Precancerous lesions 癌前病变具有癌变潜在可能性，长期存在可能转变为癌粘膜白斑慢性子宫颈炎伴子宫颈糜烂乳腺增生性纤维性囊性变结肠直肠息肉状腺瘤慢性萎缩性胃炎及胃溃疡慢性溃疡性结肠炎慢性皮肤溃疡肝硬化;Atypical hyperplasia, dysplasia 非典型性增生;Carcinoma in situ, CIS原位癌;间叶组织肿瘤;纤维瘤 fibroma;脂肪瘤 lipoma;脉管瘤;平滑肌瘤 leiomyoma;骨瘤 osteoma;软骨瘤 chondroma;恶性间叶组织肿瘤;癌与肉瘤区分;常见肉瘤;恶性纤维组织细胞瘤 malignant fibrous histiocytoma;脂肪肉瘤 liposarcoma;横纹肌肉瘤 rhabdomyosarcoma;骨肉瘤 osteosarcoma;神经外胚叶肿瘤;视网膜母细胞瘤 retinoblastoma;;;多种组织构成的肿瘤;畸胎瘤 teratoma;肾胚胎瘤embryonic tumor of kidney;癌肉瘤 carcinosarcoma;妊娠滋养层细胞瘤;葡萄胎;侵袭性葡萄胎 invasive mole;绒毛膜癌 choriocarcinoma