Unit2Robots学案2（新人教选修7）.doc

PAGE  PAGE 6 概念引入 主语是动作的发出者，谓语动词用主动语态；主语是动作的承受者，谓语动词用被动语态。和时态一样，语态也是英语学习和使用中非常重要的一项语法，每年各地高考的题量都高于其它语法项目，也是语篇的正确理解的基础，更不用说在作文中的恰当应用的重要性了。此单元我们将复习使用被动语态的注意事项和不定式的被动式的用法。 先看下面句子： 1. Robots are programmed and controlled by a computer. 2. Choose one and be prepared to tell the class about it briefly. 3. It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife, Claire. 4. Claire didn’t want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be absent for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed. 5. Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot. 这些句子中斜体词部分都用了被动语态形式，其中例句1、2、3是谓语动词的被动语态，例句4、5是不定式的被动语态。例句1中controlled前省略了are；例句2是并列的两个祈使句，be prepared to意为“为做准备好”。 用法讲解 【高清课堂：复习被动语态 一、基本用法（以do为例）】 被动语态的时态变化（谓语动词）： 基本用法（以do为例） 一般进行完成现在am/is/are doneam/is/are being donehas/have been done过去was/were donewas/were being donehad been done将来shall/will be doneshall/will be being doneshall/will have been done 重点解析： 1. 被动语态的形式从时态上，分成现在、过去、将来，再细分为一般、进行、完成。 2. 被动语态中do永远变成be done，所有的变化中done必须是保留的，而时态是把be做相应的变化而体现的。如： 1) am/is/are doing 是现在进行时，而am/is/are being done是现在进行时的被动语态。 2) 一般过去时的被动语态就是把be变成过去时was/were。 3) 一般将来时即在be done前加了shall/ will。 4）had been done中had表示时态，be改成been，即后面是been done。 记住：把be做相对应的变化来改变时态。 例句： 1. The book was received so eagerly that it was sold out on the first day. 这本书得到了公认，第一天就卖光了。（一般过去时的被动语态） 2. Textbooks are required to come in time. 要求课本及时到达。（一般现在时的被动语态） 3. My sister wants to work in a power plant which is still being built. 我妹妹想去那家尚在修建的发电厂工作。（现在进行时的被动语态） 4. By the end of next May this task will have been finished. 到明年五月末为止，这项任务就已经完成了。（by the end of 到末为止，next May表示“还没有到”，所以用将来完成时will have done，变成被动语态，即will have been done） 5. The railway had been completed by the end of last year. 这条铁路去年末已经完工了。（同样的by the end of，因为last year表示“过去”，所以用过去完成时的被动语态，have变成了had） 例题： 1. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _____ four d