3StratifiedSampling.pptVIP

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3StratifiedSampling

Chapter3. Stratified Sampling;3.1 Definition and Purposes ;The strata do not overlap, and they constitute the whole population so that each sampling unit belongs to exactly one stratum.;(a)The entire population is divided into distinct subpopulations, called strata. (b)Within each stratum,a separate sample is selected. (c)Separate stratum means(or other statistics) are computed and then properly weighted to form a combined estimate for the entire population. (d)The variances are computed separately within each stratum and then properly weighted and added into a combined estimate for the population.;Eg3.1;;The study population is a junior high school with a total of 4,000 students in grades 7, 8, and 9. Researchers want to know how much these students spend weekly for ice cream, on average, and what percentage of students spend at least $10 weekly for ice cream.;The list of students in this junior high school was stratified by grade, yielding three strata: grades 7, 8, and 9. A simple random sample of students was selected from each grade. Table 3.1 shows the total number of students in each grade. ;(1)Stratification may be used to decrease the variances of sample estimates. In proportionate sampling , the sample size selected from each stratum is made proportionate to the population size of the stratum. In disproportionate sampling or optimal allocation, different sampling rates are used in the different strata.;(2)Strata may be formed to employ different methods and procedures within them. a. The physical distribution of parts of the population differ radically. b. There may be differences in the lists available for different parts of the population. c. The diverse nature of the elements in parts of the population may call for different procedures .;(3) Strata may be established because the subpopulations within them are also designated as domains of study. A domain is a part of the population for which separate estimates are plann

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