词汇学_lexicSenserelations-1.pptVIP

The study of word meaning ;What is meaning?;;;;Lecture outline;Assignment: Group work;Just a reminder!; Main Types of Word Meaning;Main Types of Word Meaning;;Main Types of Word Meaning;Semantic Field;;;Cow/bull, sow/boar, ewe/ram, mare/stallion etc. form a pattern indicating a meaning related to sex.;Duck/ducking, pig/piglet, dog/puppy, lion/cub, etc. form another pattern indicating a relationship between adult and young.;Narrow/wide, male/female, buy/sell, etc. show a different pattern related to opposition.;Lecture outline;;Polysemy (一词多义) and Homonymy（同形/同音异义）;;;Possible sense relations of polysemy ;;;;;Assignments ;;Rhetorical effect in literature ;An example ;;Humors ;Sense relations to be continued;;Geoffrey Leech (1974, 1981) proposes in Semantics: The Study of Meaning seven types of meaning: Conceptual meaning Connotative meaning Social meaning Affective meaning Reflected meaning Collocative meaning Thematic meaning;An example?;(1) Conceptual meaning;(2) Connotative meaning (内涵意义);Involving the ‘real world’ experience one associates with an expression when one uses or hears it. Unstable: they vary considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of the individual. Any characteristic of the referent, identified subjectively or objectively, may contribute to the connotative meaning of the expression which denotes it.;;Stepmother;;;;;(3) Social meaning;;;domicile: very formal, official residence: formal abode: poetic home: general steed: poetic horse: general nag: slang gee-gee: baby language;(4) Affective meaning;;;‘Colorful’ meaning;(5) Reflected meaning;(6) Collocative meaning;(p. 87);Sense Relations;5.2.2 Synonymy: sameness of meaning;;Some synonyms belong to different geographic varieties:;2. Differences in style or formality;3. Differences in connotations-associative/emotive meaning;4. Differences in registers ;5. Differences in etymology;6. Differences in collocation and distribution;;Synonyms: rhetorical effect ;;;《项链》莫泊