2014年11月15日托福阅读真题.docxVIP

2014年11月15日托福阅读真题 智课网整理 机经词汇： ties=connections resulting=consequence preservation= keep food fresh reinforce=strengthen erecting=construct devastate=destory favored=preferred attest to=confirm 第一篇： 原始部落的农业起源 版本1: 某个农业部落，跟他们的祖先有很大不同。考古发现，它们使用工具进行农业生产。然后介绍他们开始农业生产的证据。吃肉可以补充盐分，但是吃谷物就不行，他们必须要补充盐分。还说了虽然他们开始了农业生产，但是他们有时候还会捕猎。比之前的村庄不同的是，他们的村庄更大，跟稳定了。然后说不仅是经济不同，文化也有变化。出现了装饰物，而装饰物的不同就以为这不同的社会身份的出现。接着介绍丧葬，好像跟中国产不多，阴宅阳宅子啊一起，但是会有所隔离，意味着他们的祖宗崇拜。然后解释了为什么他们会有不一样。 解析：这篇文章属于??类文明类文章。做题时需注意记录笔记，对于结构化阅读及最后一题的解答有很大好处。地理地质类主题是托福阅读常见考点，结构不难理解。需注意各例证和主题的支撑关系。由于条理清晰，最后一题尽量考虑从正面选出，排除为辅。推荐TPO7的文章Agriculture, Iron, and the Bantu Peoples。 相关背景： Agriculture, Iron, and the Bantu Peoples There is evidence of agriculture in Africa prior to 3000 B.C. It may have developed independently, but many scholars believe that the spread of agriculture and iron throughout Africa linked it to the major centers of the Near East and Mediterranean world. The drying up of what is now the Sahara desert had pushed many peoples to the south into sub-Sahara Africa. These peoples settled at first in scattered hunting-and-gathering bands, although in some places near lakes and rivers, people who fished, with a more secure food supply, lived in larger population concentrations. Agriculture seems to have reached these people from the Near East, since the first domesticated crops were millets and sorghums whose origins are not African but west Asian. Once the idea of planting diffused, Africans began to develop their own crops, such as certain varieties of rice, and they demonstrated a continued receptiveness to new imports. The proposed areas of the domestication of African crops lie in a band that extends from Ethiopia across southern Sudan to West Africa. Subsequently, other crops, such as bananas, were introduced from Southeast Asia. Livestock also came from outside Africa. Cattle were introduced from Asia, as probably were domestic sheep and goats. Horses were apparently introduced by the Hyksos invaders of Egypt