修辞学 提喻 借喻 Session 9.pptVIP

Review;讽刺;Irony 1.Verbal irony ( 言语反讽) ：故意说反话 2.Dramatic irony( 戏剧反讽）：人物说实话，读者/观众觉得讽刺。 3.Situational Irony ( 情境反讽) ：命运嘲弄;The Rhetorical Functions of Irony( in the narrow sense 言语反讽);;巾帼不让须眉。 朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨。--杜甫 《自京赴奉先县咏怀五百字》 黄发、垂髫，并怡然自乐。--陶渊明《桃花源记》 ;1. Synecdoche 提喻;1.1 以部分代替整体;1）We were lack of hands at harvest time. 2）There is a sea of faces on the square. ;1）The world is still ignorant of the fact. 世人对这个事实仍不了解。 2）China won the championship at the tournament. 中国队赢得了锦标赛的冠军。 ;1）Alas, that spring should vanish with the rose (= flowers)! 唉，春天必将逝去，玫瑰必将凋零。 2）Did you see the cutthroat ? 你看见凶手了吗？;One day a poor creature who could not have been more than four feet tall crept past me under a vast load of wood. 一天，一个身高不到四英尺的可怜妇人背着老大一捆柴火从我身边蹒跚而过。 Analysis: creature（借体） 在这里代替woman（本体） 用“生物”来代指女人，反映出老妇人低贱的地位与生活的艰辛。以此表达作者对老妇人强烈的同情。;1.5 以原材料名称代替制成品;He is in irons . (= handcuffs or/and fetters made of iron) 他戴着脚镣手铐。 分析：避免了直接提到fetters and handcuffs 的尴尬（亦包含委婉语）;He is behind bars.;2. Metonymy 借喻 ;laurels 月桂树 ;Soapy stood still with his hands in his pockets and smiled at the sight of brass buttons. ---The Cop and the Anthem;The kettle is boiling . （壶中的水开了。）;He set the room roaring with laughter. 他使全屋的人爆笑起来。 (= the people in the room) He kept a fine stable. 他养了些好马。 (= fine horses.) ;He is fond of the bottle. ;My uncle prefers the Rembrandt to the Picasso. 我叔叔喜欢伦勃朗特的画，不喜欢毕加索的画。;The pen is mightier than the sword. 作家影响力大于军人。;The blue eyes (= people with blue eyes) walked into the office. 那些蓝眼睛走进了办公室。 Young people should have more respect for grey hairs . (= the aged with grey hair) 年轻人应该多尊重老年人。;She took the veil at 20. = She became a nun at 20. The painting was brought to the hammer. =The painting was brought to the auction house. ;Elizabeth II succeeded to the crown in 1952.; You drove your fancy Jaguar, and you took a lady friend. 你开了那辆华丽的“美洲虎”轿车到那儿，还带了一位女士去。 ;2.7 具体和抽象互代;She has a good ear (= the power of hearing) for music. 她在音乐方面很有鉴赏力。 H