旅游经济学_经济影响：产出、收入及可持续性.pptVIP

Chapter 5;Introduction;Introduction;Introduction;Economic Impact Analysis ;Economic Impact Analysis ;;Direct and Indirect Effects;Direct and Indirect Effects;Input-Output Analysis;Example--Bradley M.Brauns 1992 study Brauns study was on the economic impact of conventions on Orlando. He noted that convention attendance in Orlando grew from 36,019 in 1969 to 1.675 million in 1989.Brauns goal was to calculate the effect of the spending of 1.675 million convention delegates on Orlandos employment, income, production, and tax revenues. ; add 65,000 jobs;Input-Output AnalysisEach Industry Must Have the Outputs of Other Industries;Example 1 --Steel Industry ;;In a similar logic: T = jT + kG + mS + FT G = dT + eG + hS + FG S = aT+ bG + cS + FS we could use these 3 simple equations to calculate the effects of changes in final demand for any or all of the three products on the total sales of all three of the industries. Indication: If final demand for any of the regions products changes, what will happen to economic activity in every sector within the region.;Example 2: Hotels and restaurants R: total sales of the regions restaurant industry T: total sales of the regions hotel industry a: the proportion of restaurant industry sales spent on the restaurant industry (similar with b,c,d) R = aR + bH + FR H = cR + dH + FH ;;Multiplier effect refer to the fact that the increase in sales exceeds the increase in final demand. Example 2: increase in final demand is $100 increase in sales is $152.54 Output multiplier refer to the ratio of the total increase in sales within the region to the increase in final demand. Example 2: $152.54/$100=1.5254;Indication of multiplier effect: If tourism promoters can get additional tourist spending within the region, the sales of the industries will rise by an even larger amount. It increases the incentive of regional go