句子种类及成分.doc

 PAGE 8 高一补课 一、句子种类 种类类型主语S谓语动词v表语/宾语p宾语0宾补oc第1种S+VWework第２种Ｓ＋Ｖ＋０Heplaysthe violin.第３种Ｓ＋ｖ＋ｐWearestudents第４种S+V+IO+DOshegavemea pen第５种S+V+O+OCHemademelaugh 二、句子成分： 主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、补语、状语 主语 名词，代词，数词可以作做主语。动名词，动词不定式，句子也可以做主语，句子做主语叫主语从句 Monkey eats bananas. It is my book. One and (plus) one is two. Hard working leads to success. To finish homework is a must to student. What makes the teacher angry is that he is talking in class again. 谓语： 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成． They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English. 3、宾语 是动作的承受者。及物动词及相当于及物动词的短语后都必须带宾语。 She plays the piano. He often helps me. I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this afternoon. I think that he is a good boy. 注：主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。 1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. So they had to travel by air or boat. 3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus. 4. She sat there alone, reading a novel. 5. He came back when we were eating. 6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up. 3、定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语 形容词作定语： The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。 Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。 数词作定语相当于形容词： Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。 There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。 代词或名词所有格作定语： His boy needs Tom\s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。 His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。 介词短语作定语： The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。 There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。 名词作定语： There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。 副词作定语： The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。 不定式作定语： There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。 分词（短语）作定语： The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。 There are five boys left.有五个留下的男孩。 定语从句： The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。 注：汉语中常用‘……的’表示。通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing