热动专业英语第1章.pptVIP

;COURSE OUTLINE Schedule: 8:00-9:50 Tuesday Organiser:??Qian Jin E-mail:? qianjinbox@163.com Phone: Textbook: 热能与动力工程专业英语 （Specialized English for Thermal Energy Power Engineering） (3th) 阎维平，中国电力出版社（第三版）;Course Goals: To understand the basic characteristics of Specialized English. To recognize some technical words in thermal energy and power engineering. To know how to write the abstract for a paper or a thesis (P155). Grading: Attendance 20% Final exam 80%;Date; Chapter 1 Introduction to Thermal Sciences ;第一章 热科学介绍;In thermodynamics, we will derive equations that relate the transformation and transfers of energy to properties such as temperature, pressure, and density. Substances and their properties, thus, become very important in thermodynamics. Many of our equations will be based on experimental observation that have been organized into mathematical statements or laws; the first and second laws of thermodynamics are the most widely used.;在热力学中，我们将推导有关能量转化和传递与物性参数，如温度、压强及密度等关系间的方程。因此，在热力学中，物质及其性质变得非常重要。许多热力学方程都是建立在实验观察的基础之上，而且这些实验观察的结果已被整理成数学表达式或定律的形式。其中，热力学第一定律和第二定律应用最为广泛。;1.1.1Thermodynamic system and control volume A thermodynamic system is a fixed quantity of matter contained within some enclosure. The surface is usually an obvious one( like that surrounding the gas in the cylinder). However, it may be an imagined boundary( like the deforming boundary of a certain amount of mass as it flows through a pump). All matter and space external to a system is collectively called its surroundings. Thermodynamics is concerned with the interactions of a system and its surroundings;1.1.1热力系统和控制体 热力系统是一包围在某一封闭边界内的具有固定质量物质的系统。系统边界通常是比较明显的（如气缸内气体的固定边界）。然而，系统边界也可以是假想的（如一定质量的流体流经泵时不断变形的边界）。 系统之外的所有物质和空间统称外界或环境。热力学主要研究系统与外界或系统与系统之间的相互作用。系统通过在边界上进行能量传递，从而与外界进行相互作用，但在边界上没有质量交换。当系统与外界间没有能量交换时，这样的系统称为孤立系统。 ;In many cases, an analysis is simplified if a