太湖流域稻麦轮作农田磷素累积现状及其环境风险与控制对策汪玉1，赵.doc

太湖流域稻麦轮作农田磷素累积现状及其环境风险与控制对策 汪玉1，赵旭1，王磊2，程谊1，王慎强1* 1 土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室，常熟农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，中国科学院南京土壤研究所，南京 210008； 2 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所，南京210042基金项目：农业部行业专项（200903011）；国家科技支撑计划课题（2012BAD15B03）；国家水专项课题（2012ZX07101－004）；国家“948”重点项目（2011－G30）资助 作者简介：汪玉，（1983—），女，助理研究员，博士，主要从事农田磷循环和面源污染控制研究。E-mail：wangyu@ * 通讯作者：王慎强 E-mail： HYPERLINK mailto:sqwang@ sqwang@ 摘要：针对太湖流域稻麦农田土壤磷库出现富集，从而加速磷素流失导致太湖地区水体环境污染负荷加重的事实，综述了近几十年来太湖流域稻麦轮作农田因长期施用磷肥导致土壤磷库盈余的现状以及环境风险。从节约磷资源和保护水环境的角度，提出了既能满足作物生长的磷素营养需求，又不造成农田土壤磷素过量积累的科学施磷方案建议。 关键词：土壤磷素；盈余；径流流失；科学施磷 High Accumulation of Phosphorus in Rice/Wheat Rotation Farmland of Taihu Lake Watershed and its Environmental Risk and Countermeasures WANG Yu1, ZHAO Xu1, WANG Lei2, CHENG Yi1, WANG Shen-qiang1* 1 State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; 2 Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of PR China, Nanjing, 210042, China Abstract: High accumulation of phosphorus in rice/wheat rotation farmland of Taihu Lake Watershed because of long-term fertilization and its environmental risk and countermeasures were reviewed in this paper. Due to the large amounts of phosphorus application, phosphorus is highly accumulated in rice/wheat rotation farmland of Taihu Lake Watershed, which results in accelerated phosphorus loss and causes lake and river eutrophication. Therefore, it is necessary to establish scientific application of phosphate fertilizer system, which can not only feed the crop growth, but also not cause soil phosphorus excess accumulation. Key words: Soil phosphorus pool; Surplus; Runoff Loss; Scientific application of phosphate fertilizer 土壤磷素是作物生长的主要营养限制因子之一。由于磷在土壤中易于固定而转变为作物难利用态，因此磷肥的施用是保证土壤有效磷库和维持作物高产的最主要途径[1]。然而长期盲目过量施用磷肥会导致土壤有效磷甚至全磷含量增加，土壤供磷能力超过作物生长的需求，使磷库盈余量不断攀升[2,3]，增加了磷随农田地表径流和向下淋洗的流失，对地表水和地下水环境安全带来负荷[4,5]。已有研究表明，除人畜禽排泄物等农村磷污染源，集约化农作区也是水