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Introduction to typical types of partial differential equations in fluid mechanics Classification of Partial Differential Equations: consider the case of a second-order differential equation given in the general form as ?2φ ?2φ ?2φ ?φ ?φ A 2 + B +C 2 + D + E + Fφ = G(x, y) ?x ?x?y ?y ?x ?y If the coefficients A, B, C, D, E, and F are either constants or functions of only (x, y) (do not contain φ or its derivatives), the PDE is said to be a linear equation; Otherwise it is a non-linear equation. An important subclass of non-linear equations is quasilinear equations. In this case, the coefficients may contain φ or its first derivative but not the second (highest) derivative. Classification of Partial Differential Equations: ?2φ ?2φ ?2φ ?φ ?φ A 2 + B +C 2 + D + E + Fφ = G(x, y) ?x ?x?y ?y ?x ?y if B2 ? 4AC = 0, the equation is Parabolic if B2 ? 4AC 0, the equation is Elliptic if B2 ? 4AC 0, the equation is Hyperbolic Unsteady Navier-Strokes equations are elliptic in space and parabolic in time. At steady-state, the Navier-Strokes equations are elliptic. In Elliptic problems, the boundary conditions must be applied on all confining surfaces. These are Boundary Value Problems . Types of equations in CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) Laplace Equation ?2φ ?2φ + = 0 ?x2 ?y2 Poisson Equation ?2φ ?2φ + = S(x, y) ?x2 ?y2 Laplace equations and Poisson equations are elliptic equations and generally associated with the steady-state problems. The velocity potential in steady, inviscid, incompressible, and irrotational flows satisfies the Laplace equation. The temperature distribution for steady-state, constant-property, two-dimensional condition satisfies the Laplace equation if no volumetric heat source is present. Types of equations in CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) Laplace Equation ?2φ ?2φ + = 0