Module4GreatScientists课件3（外研版必修4）.ppt

复习被动语态及by＋v.-ing形式;一、被动语态 英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，动作的执行者可用by引出。 1．被动语态的构成 英语中动词的被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。在被动语态中，人称、数和时态的变化都是通过be的变化表现出来。英语的被动语态有如下几种：;Breakfast is provided in our hotel from 7 to 9 oclock on weekdays. 我们旅馆在工作日的7点至9点提供早餐。 At that moment the TV set was being repaired. 那时电视机正在被修理。 That problem had been solved before he told me. 那个问题在他告诉我之前已经解决了。 [点津]　“get＋p.p.”也表示被动。 He fell off the car and got killed last week. 他上周从车上掉下来，摔死了。;[考题印证1] 1－1.(2012·辽宁高考)Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I ________ on Friday. A．get paid B．got paid C．have paid D．had been paid 解析：选 。考查动词的时态和语态。在时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来，且I与pay之间是动宾关系，所以选A。;1－2.(2012·安徽高考)After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it ________. A．was decorated B．had decorated C．had been decorating D．was being decorated 解析：选 。考查时态和语态。句意：放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。阅览室显然是被装修，应用被动语态，B和C两项可排除，又根据句意可知，阅览室是正在装修，动作正在进行，故用过去进行时态，选D。;2．被动语态的用法 (1)当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态。 The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。 (2)突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者， 用by短语。 These records were made by John Denver. 这些唱片是由约翰·丹沃录制的。;[考题印证2] 2－1.(2012·天津高考)The letters for the boss ________ on his desk but he didnt read them until three days later. A．were put B．was put C．put D．has put 解析：选 。考查动词的时态和语态。句意：给老板的信放在他的办公桌上，但是直到三天后老板才读这些信件。根据句中“didnt read them”可知放信的动作发生在过去，且put与letters之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此A项正确。;2－2.(2011·湖南高考)In the near future, more advances in the robot technology ________ by scientists. A．are making B．are made C．will make D．will be made 解析：选 。考查时态和语态。句意：在不久的将来，在机器人技术方面科学家会取得更大的进展。根据时间状语in the near future 可知，此处应用将来时态。 make 和more advances 之间存在动宾关系，故用被动语态。;3．语态转换注意事项 (1)不及物动词不能用于被动语态；表示状态的动词一般不 用于被动语态。 Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.(误) Great changes have taken place in my hometown.(正) 我的家乡已发生了巨大变化。 (2)含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可将其中一个宾语变为 主语，另一个保持不动，一般将间接宾语