虚拟语气.学生版doc.doc

 PAGE 7 虚拟语气 虚拟语气概述 虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood）表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。虚拟语气要用特定的动词形式。 Period 1 一、虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 1．表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词的形式 条件从句主句动词过去式（be用were）would(should, could, might)+动词原形 We _____________(go) with you if we __________(have) time. We _____________(ask) him if he ________(be) here. If I_________(know) his telephone number, I ____________(ring) him up. 2．表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词的形式 条件从句主句had+过去分词would(should, could, might)+have+动词的过去分词 If he ___________(see) you yesterday, he _________________(ask) you about it. If you ___________(come) earlier, you ________________(meet)him. I________________(call) you if I ______________(know) your telephone number. 3．表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词的形式 条件从句主句动词过去式 或should+动词原形 或were to+动词原形 would(should, could, might)+动词原形 If it _______________(rain), the crops _______________(save). If it _______________(snow) tomorrow, they would not go out. 二、错综时间条件句 / 混合虚拟条件句 有时虚拟条件句中的主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致, 主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整. If you __________(speak) to him last time you saw him, you _______(know) what to do now. 含蓄条件句 指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。 表示含蓄虚拟条件的方法有： （1）介词或介词短语，如but for, without等。 But for the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy life today. =If _________________ the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy life today. (2) 连词，如：or(otherwise), else, or else ,in case, lest, for fear that(唯恐), but that等 He was taken to hospital at once, otherwise he____________________(die). They got two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they would never have been able to afford to go. 注：lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，should可省略，但也可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气。 The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur. 虚拟条件句中的倒装 若虚拟条件句中有were, had, should 时，可以省略if，把were, had, shoul