上海版牛津英语9A第3单元知识点以及语法点.docVIP

上海版牛津英语第三单元知识点以及语法点 现在完成时 1. 概念：① 表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果. eg: --- Have you had your lunch yet ? 你吃过午饭了吗? --- Yes, I have just had it. 是的, 我刚吃过. ( 说明现在饱了) I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔弄丢了. ( 过去某时丢的, 现在还没有找到 ) I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了. --- Have you found your lost pen yet ? 你找到丢失的钢笔了吗? --- No, I haven’t found it yet. 不, 我还没有找到. ② 表示动作或状态在过去已经开始, 持续到现在, 也许还要持续下去, 常和 for, since, 连用, 表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词. eg: We have lived here since 2000. 自从2000年以来我们一直住在这里. ( 说明一直住在这里, 也许还会住下去. ) 2. 结构: ① 主语 + have / has + done + … Done的形式： 规则：1. 一般情况下在动动词原形后加 ed. 如: work, jump, look, … 2. 以e 结尾的动词, 直接加-d. 如: live, 3. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词, 先将y 变 i 再加-ed. 如: carry, study, try… 4. 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的, 双写此辅音字母后再加-ed. 如: stop, plan,… 不规则：keep-----kept sweep-----swept sleep-----slept Sell----sold tell----told Lend---lent spend----spent send-----sent Say-----said pay-----paid Burn----burnt learn-----learnt mean----meant Break----broken speak----spoken steal----stolen Wear-----worn bear----born tear----torn Grow----grown blow---blown know----known throw----thrown Sink-----sunk swim---swum drink----drunk ring-----rung sing----sung began----begun Drive---driven rise----risen 3. 时间状语：常与already, yet, ever, never, for + 段时间, since, just, before, so far, by now, these days, …等连用. 注意: already, yet, 常和现在完成时连用, already 用于肯定句, 可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末. yet用在疑问句中意为”已经”, 用在否定句中表示”还”, 常放在句末. eg: He has just come here since 2000. 他从北京回来. Have you ever been to Shanghai ? 你去过上海吗? I have never traveled by plane before. 我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过. I haven’t heard of it before. 我以前从来没有听说过这件事. I have been in Beijing for two years. 我在北京已经两年了. 4. 句型: ⑴ 肯定句: ① 主语 + have / has + done +