初中语法精挑细讲之句子类型写作句型.doc

初中语法精挑细讲之句子类型 句子类型 　　1．从结构上看，英语的句子可分为三种类型：简单句、并列句和复合句。 　　2．简单句：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子叫做简单句。简单句有六种句型： 　　型号 句型 例 子 　　1 主语＋不及物动词（＋状语） The Frenchman coughed badly at night. / The city lies in a valley . 　　2 主语＋连系动词＋表语 That is a map of China. / That piece of meat looks quite good. / It sounds like the singing of rails . 　　3 主语＋及物动词＋宾语 Youre doing the right thing. / Jack likes to stay at home and play by himself . 　　4 主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 Can you tell me the way to the Summer Palace ? / It took me a week to finish the work. 　　5 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 We call him Li Ming . / The rich man asked the singer to come up to the sitting room . 　　6 There +be+主语＋状语 There are some flowers on the teachers desk . / There are 365 days in a year . 　　3．并列句：由并列连词把两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子。常用的并列连词有and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet, neither…nor, either…or, still, however, not only…but also等。并列句的结构：简单句＋并列词＋简单。 　　Hurry up, or youll miss the early bus . / We love peace but we are not afraid of war . / He must be ill, for he is absent today . 　　She has not only knowledge, but also experience . / He was ill, so he didnt go to school. / Work hard, and you will succeed . 　　4．复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫做复合句。主句是句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个成分，不能独立。从句可以担任复合句的主语（主语从句）、表语（表语从句）、宾语（宾语从句）、定语（定语从句）、状语（状语从句）。中学阶段主要学习含有状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句的复合句。 　　A．状语从句：在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句根据它表示的意思的不同可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、让步、比较（或方式）和条件等类。 　　○1 时间状语从句：由when, while, as, the moment, the minute, once, whenever, before, after, till(until), since, as soon as等连词引导。 主 句 从 句 例 子 　　一般将来时 一般现在时 I will go out for a walk if it doesnt rain tomorrow . 　　带有情态动词 You must look left and right when you cross the crossing . 　　祈使句 Ask him to give me a call as soon as he comes back . 　　过去时的某种时态 过去时的某种时态 I went to bed at ten after the film was over. / The film had begun when I reached the cinema . 　　I was reading a book while he was singing a song . 　　○2 条件状语从句：由if, unless, so long as, as long as, in case , if only, provided that等引导。（注：在条件状语从句的将来时态要用现在时和过去时，表示相应的将来时）。