主旨要义题的题型特点和解题技巧.docVIP

PAGE  PAGE 12 主旨要义题的题型特点与解题技巧 高考阅读理解中的主旨大意题包括主题（topic、subject、main idea、general idea）型和标题（title）型两类。 在确定文章的标题(title)的时候，我们要以文章的中心为依托。但应注意的是，中心大意不完全等同于标题。文章的中心较为详细地陈述文章的内容，而文章的标题则通常情况下较为简明，而且通常是名词或名词短语。 一. 正确选项的特点 (1)标题概括类题目：体现概括性，（最大程度上覆盖全文）;针对性(标题不能过大或过小);醒目性(可吸引读者) (2)中心思想类题目：体现全面性，避免以偏概全； (3)段落大意类题目：体现针对性，避免张冠李戴。 二. 干扰项的特点 1. 以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。 2. 断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。 3. 主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。 4. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。 5. 无中生有，似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好似在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。 三、解题技巧 (1) 主题句在开头.模式:总分分,即开门见山. 新闻报道,说明文,议论文常用此方式. (2) 主题句在末尾. 模式: 分分总,即先摆事实,后作结论. (3) 主题句在中间. 模式: 分总分(引言主题解析或提问回答解析) (4). 根据首尾抓大意(首尾呼应) 模式: 总分总 (5) 无住题句,归纳各段要点抓大意.. (6) 找高频词. 四、实例分析 实例分析1： Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t love others until you love yourself. Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, you’ve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes, and that our Grandmas think we’re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics, but sometimes it’s a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself. Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world. The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the grea