presentation about Ming History.pdfVIP

“ National Titles” in Chinese Ancient History “自黄帝至舜禹，皆同姓而异其国号，以章 明德。” “From Emperor Huang to Shun and Yu, all of them selected a national title based on their family name, to manifest their virtue.” Records of the Historian· Biography of the Five Emperors: 《史记·五帝本纪》: Two Essences: 1.National title is the product of the “Family Country”.（家天下） 2.National title declares the legitimacy of the political power. “ National Titles” in Chinese Ancient History Five types of Chinese national titles: 1.From the title of the nobility 2.From the name of the area in which the founder of the dynasty rise up 3.From the specific meaning of a certain document 4.From some previous national titles 5.From the emperor’s family name Samples: Han， Sui，Tang，Jin，Wei( the one Cao founded)… 汉， 隋， 唐， 晋， 曹魏…… Samples: Qin， Wu，Shu Han，West Xia，Song( the one Zhao founded)… 秦， 吴， 蜀汉， 西夏， 赵宋…… Samples: Yuan 元（《易经》：大哉乾元。） Samples: Late Tang， Late Zhou，Late Han，Late Jin… 后唐， 后周， 后汉， 后金…… Samples: Zhao，Wei，Han… 赵， 魏， 韩…… Based on Zhao Yi: the Reading Notes of Twenty-two History Books （《廿二史札记》） But,the national title of Ming Dynasty is out of the five categories above. The national title of Ming Dynasty The general impression of Ming Dynasty: · Based on the ruins of Yuan Dynasty which was founded by a foreign nation · A dynasty of the Han nation’s revival · The Renaissance of the Hua Xia culture But its national title came from foreign religions. The national title of Ming Dynasty The origin of the national title: “ Ming” Two famous opinions: 1.The national title came from Manicheism.(摩尼教、 明教） Professor Wu Han hold th