第6章英语从句的翻译.docVIP

英汉互译理论和实践（选修） PAGE  PAGE 11 第六章 英语从句的译法 第六章 英语从句的译法 （教学安排：4课时） 第一节 英语定语从句的译法 英语和汉语分属两种不同的语系，其差别很大，翻译起来有诸多困难，英语定语从句的汉译便是困难之一。由于定语从句在英语中应用十分广泛，往往置于所修饰的名词之后，而且还可以继续延长，环环相扣，语法关系十分复杂，因此，我们必须想办法、找方法、寻规律，从而很好地解决它。 一、限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行项起限制作用，在意义上与先行项密切不可分。 如被省去，主句的意思就含糊不清，甚至变得毫无意义。关系词和先行项之间一般不用逗号分隔。 （一）前置法：定语词组 前置法一般用于翻译比较简单的英语定语从句。汉语多使用简单的前置修饰语，很少使用很长的定语从句。翻译较短的定语从句，常常是将关系词省去，在句未加“的”字，放在被修饰项之前，从而将复合句译成汉语单句。当然，也可视其情况不用“的”字，如例1。这种译法用得普遍，尤其适用于译简短的定语从句。 例1 原文：I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided. 译文： 例2 原文：The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. 译文： 例3 原文：In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems. 译文： 例4 原文：Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. 译文： （二）后置法：并列从句 如果从句结构复杂，译成汉语前置定语显得太长而不符合汉语表达习惯时，往往可以译成后置的并列分句。 1）省略英语的先行项 例5 原文：The lungs are subject to several diseases which are treatable by surgery. 译文： 例6 原文：As a result, a hum of gossip was set going which moved about the house in that secret manner common to gossip. 译文： 例7 原文：A will had been made which divide the small tax-eaten property equally among the remaining four, so that it was really of no interest to any of them. 译文： 例8 原文：He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two pounds each. 译文： 上述定语从句例句比（一）里的定语从句例句长些，因此，就不宜译成定语词组形式。否则，译句就会显得太长且不符合汉语的表达习惯。如例8就不宜译成“把这片快要给税吃光的薄产平分给四个孩子的中遗嘱早已立好，谁都对此不感兴趣。”这类从句不是长、难复杂定语从句，一般就按原文的顺序位置译。 2）重复英语的先行项 例9 原文：At dinner I found myself placed between Mrs. Bradly, and a shy drab girl who seemed even younger than the other. 译文： 例10 原文：A writer——in fact every one of us in life——needs that loving-mother force from which all creation flows. 译文： 例11 原文：Man possesses an expressive faculty that goes far beyond gestures, that allows and even