金属材料学双语课件.ppt

Chapter 1 Alloying of Steels;Chapter 1 Alloying of Steels;§6 Strengthening and toughening of steels §7 Effect of alloying elements on steels’ processing property §8 Types and grade of alloy steels;§1 Structures and Properties of Metals（金属结构与性能）;crystalline materials;noncrystalline/amorphous materials（非晶体）;2 the space lattice and unit cells (空间晶格与晶胞); 晶格 ;the lattice constants （晶格常数）; Most metals (about 90%) crystallize into three crystal structures: body-centered cubic (bcc), 体心立方； face-centered cubic (fcc) , 面心立方； hexagonal close-packed cubic (hcp）,密排六方。;3 Principal Metallic Crystal Structures;;体心立方（BCC）;;面心立方（FCC）;HCP: In bcc and fcc, a=b=c and α=β=γ=90°; while in hcp, the bottom and top face are both hexagon (六边形) and the constant “a” is the basal side length. The height of the hexagon prism is c. The ratio of c to a is called the axial ratio. For an ideal hcp crystal structure, the ratio is 1.633. ;密排六方晶格（HCP）: 体心和面心立方中, a=b=c,α=β=γ=90°; 而在HCP中,晶胞的上下底面均为边长为a的正六边形。正六棱柱的高为c。c/a 称为轴比，对于理想的正六棱柱， c/a =1.633。;密排六方晶格（HCP）;2. Properties of Metal Materials金属材料的性能; To obtain the mechanical properties of metals, the engineering stress-strain diagram should be firstly discussed.;1 Tensile test and the stress-strain(σ/ε) diagram静拉伸试验与应力应变（σ/ε）曲 线;塑性变形;② Tensile test and stress-strain diagram(拉伸试验与应力应变曲线); 应力应变定义;③Analysis on stress-strain curve; From the stress-strain curve, we can obtain the mechanical properties as follows: a.?Modulus of elasticity (弹性模量) b. Yield strength (屈服强度) c. Ultimate tensile strength (抗拉强度极限) d.?Ductility (塑性) ;a.?? Modulus of elasticity (or Young’s modulus)弹性模量（杨氏模量）;a.弹性模量（杨氏模量） ??;b.?? Yield strength（屈服强度）;b.?? Yield strength（屈服强度σs ）;屈服强度定义;0.2%屈服强度----σ0.2 ;;0.2%屈服强度的确定;c.?? Ultimate tensile strength抗拉强度σb;抗拉强度在曲线上的确定;d.?? Ductility （塑性）;Percent Elongation (伸长率δ);伸长率δ的意义或表征;Percent Reduction in Area (断面收缩率ψ);2Hardness and hardness testing硬度与硬度测试;测量原理与方法;测量原理与方法;3Toughness and impact test韧性与冲击试验;一次摆锤冲击试验;测定：一次摆锤冲击试验Tes