大学英语翻译全教程(完美版)练习和作业答案.docVIP

PAGE  PAGE 23 翻译理论与实践讲义 作业一。 字词的翻译 一、词的理解 1.一词多义： 例子：wet She had a wet nurse for the infant Elliot. 她雇了一名奶妈为艾略特喂奶。 If you think I am for him, you are all wet. 如果你认为我支持他，那你就大错特错了。 She wet her pants at the news. 听到这个消息，她吓得尿了裤子。 2.词的大小： state and revolution, 国家与革命（列宁著作） state of the union (国情咨文) the united states. 美国（联合的各州） 3.词义引申：抽象化、具体化 例子：every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都有甜有苦。 She stood there chewing over the strange thing. 她站在那儿仔细地琢磨这件怪事。 The engine sounds good. 那台机器听起来很正常。 At 23, he had first learned what it is to be a Negro. 他23岁时，平生第一次尝到了做黑人的滋味。 4.词的褒贬： 例子：comment Alice was excited as a child, delighted to be once more the center of the comment. 爱丽丝兴奋得像个小孩子似地，很高兴自己有成了谈论的中心。 But what a comment, she could not help reflecting, on her own charms. 但她禁不住想到，这对她个人的魅力是多么大的讽刺啊。 He walked around the room. He then stopped and looked around, “comment” ? 他在房间里走来走去，之后停下来环视着说：“谁有高见”？ 5.词的轻重：看词类、看场合、看句型、看习惯等等。 例子：through He slept the night through. 他一觉睡到天亮。 There is a through train to Beijing. 有一列到北京去的直达列车。 Through this way, they finished the task. 通过这一方法，他们完成了该项任务。 She is free with her money. 她花钱大方？出手大方？出手阔绰？不在意钱？ I made her free of my library. 我让她随意用我的藏书室（书房）。我的书房对她开放。我的书房由她使。 二、词义的表达 1.直译法 例子：dark horse 黑马 暴发户 instant rich Hot dog 热狗 半边天 half the sky Forbidden fruit 禁果 红卫兵 red guard 2意译法 例子：blue jacket 水手 炒鱿鱼 fire, dismiss the yellow leaf 老年 下海 risk one’s fortune in doing business Wet blanket 不受欢迎的人 白拿 to obtain without paying 3.直译意译结合法 例子：the apple of one’s eye 掌上明珠 呆若木鸡 as dull as a goose Once in a blue moon 千载难逢 冷若冰霜 as cool as a cucumber Black sheep 败家子；害群之马 胆小如鼠 as timid as a rabbit 4.音译法 例子：karaoke 卡拉ok 气功 qigong Guitar 吉他 太极 taiji Model 模特 功夫 kungfu Coffee 咖啡 狗不理 goubuli go believe Sofa 沙发