Sexual deception： Coevolution or inescapable exploitation？.pdfVIP

Current Zoology 60(1)：52—61，2014 Sexual deception：Coevolution or inescapable exploitation? Jussi LEHTONEN1,2r． Michael R．W HITEHEAD2，。t Centre ofExcellence in Biological Interactions，Research School ofBiology,TheAustralian National University,Canberra， ACT 0200，Australia DivisionofEvolution，EcologyandGenetics，Research School ofBiology,TheAustralianNationalUniversity,Canbe~a，ACT 0200，Australia ’School ofLife Sciences，University ofKwaZulu-Natal，Private Bag XO1，Scottsville，Pietermaritzburg 3209，South Africa Abstract Sexual deception involves the mimicry of another species’sexual signals in order to exploit behavioural routines linked to those sign als．Known sexualy deceptive systems use visual，acoustic or olfactory mimicry to exploit insects for preda- tion，cleptoparasitism an d polination．It is predicted that where sexual deception inflicts a cost on the receiver,a coevolutionary alTlS race could result in the evolution of discriminating receivers and increasingly refined mimicry．We constructed a conceptual model to understand the importance of trade—ofs in the coevolution of sexualy deceptive mimic and receive~Four components examined were：the cost of mimicry,the cost to receiver for being fooled，the density of mimics and the relative magnitude of a mimicry-independent component of fitness．Th e model predicts that the exploitation of non-discriminating receivers by accurate signal mimicry wil evolve as an evolutionary stable strategy un der a wide ran ge of the parameter space explored．This is due to the difficulty in minimising the costs of being fooled without incuring the cost of falsely rejecting real mating opportunities．In the model，the evolution of deception is impeded when mimicry imposes substantial costs for both sides of the arms race．Olfac— tory signals that are potentially cheap to produce are therefore likely to be more vulnerable to exploitation than expensive visual ornaments【Current Zoology 60(1)：52-61，2014]． Keywords Sexual deception，Coevo