腰椎骨折是.pptVIP

腰椎骨折 2013、9 刘玲 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 学习目标 腰椎的结构 腰椎骨折定义 腰椎骨折病因及分类 腰椎骨折的临床表现 腰椎骨折保守治疗的护理 腰椎骨折的术前、术后护理 腹胀的病因及护理 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 腰椎的结构 腰椎有椎体、椎弓(椎弓根、椎板、上关节突、下关节突、横突、棘突)组成 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 腰椎骨折定义 以腰椎局部肿胀、疼痛，骨折处两侧肌肉紧张，不能站立，翻身困难，运动障碍等为主要表现，发生在腰椎部的骨折。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 腰椎骨折的病因 间接暴力所致 如高处坠落、足臀部着地，亦可因弯腰工作重物打击背、肩部，使脊柱突然屈曲而致伤 直接暴力所致 多为工伤或交通事故直接撞击胸腰部或因弹击伤 肌肉拉力 因肌肉突然收缩而致的横突骨折或棘突撕脱性骨折 病理性骨折 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 依据骨折的稳定性分类 1、稳定性骨折：轻度和中度的压缩骨折，脊柱后柱完整。 2、不稳定性骨折：⑴脊柱三柱中二柱骨折，如屈曲分离损伤累及后柱和中柱骨折。⑵爆裂骨折：中柱骨折、骨折块突入椎管，有潜在神经损伤，属于不稳定性骨折。⑶骨折-脱位累及脊柱三柱的骨折脱位，常伴有神经损伤症状。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 依据骨折形态分类 1、压缩骨折(Berlding compression fracture) 为临床最常见的一种类型，椎体前方受压缩楔形变。压缩程度以椎体前缘高度占后缘高度的比值计算。分度为前缘高度于后缘高度之比。Ⅰ度为1/3，Ⅱ度为1/2，Ⅲ度为2/3. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、爆裂性骨折(Bursting fracture) 椎体呈粉碎骨折，骨折块向四周移位，向后移位可压迫脊髓、神经，椎体前后径和横径均增加，两侧椎弓根距离加宽，椎体高度减小。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3、撕脱骨折：在过伸、过屈位损伤时，在韧带附着点发生撕脱骨折，或旋转损伤时的横突骨折。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 4、安全带