Menopausal urogenital symptoms of hormone replacement therapy.doc

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 18 Menopausal urogenital symptoms of hormone replacement therapy [Keywords:] menopause; urinary and reproductive systems; hormone replacement therapy Urogenital atrophy and atrophic vaginitis in postmenopausal women, estrogen deficiency occurs as a common condition, mainly as vaginal dryness, itching, abnormal discharge, sexual difficulties, and urinary frequency, urgency, incontinence and repeated urinary system infection, high prevalence, about 45% of postmenopausal women will develop symptoms, and duration of long, serious impact on quality of life in postmenopausal women. hormone replacement therapy (hormone replacement therapy, HRT) is due to ovarian failure in women , sex hormone deficiency health problems affected by the clinical use of medical measures, and postmenopausal urogenital atrophy and related symptoms is the application of the primary indications for HRT [1,2]. In this paper, the application of HRT in recent years, the treatment of postmenopausal urogenital system Symptoms do a review of the situation. 1 pathophysiology of urogenital atrophy [3] Estrogen is the main regulator of vaginal physiological. Premenopausal and postmenopausal women in the vaginal tissues, are estrogen receptor distribution @ (estrogen receptor @, ER @), and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) exist only in the premenopausal women, vaginal tissue. premenopausal vagina by the impact of endogenous estrogen, which is characterized by surface folds of thick, rich blood flow, lubrication. with menopause (natural or artificial), and aging, estrogen levels drop, vaginal atrophy usually associated. decreased estrogen levels and urinary tract and genital atrophy is also related, often referred to as urogenital atrophy. urogenital atrophy, including uterine volume, ovarian, vaginal and vulva shrink endometrial atrophy is one of this process, leading to menopause. vaginal wall connective tissue, including collagen fibers, elastic fibers and smooth muscle deg