图解式英语佳句写作67.docVIP

PAGE  PAGE 17 Chapter 6 The Dependent Clause （从属子句） 预备知识 前面学习过用并列连词for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so等链接相关的理念以构成并列复句。 另一种链接理念的办法便是使用从属连词。带有从属连词的句子叫做复杂句。 常用从属连词（Commonly Used Subordinating Conjunctions） after if when although since whenever as though wherever because unless whether before until while 从属连词如同并列连词那样是用来链接从属子句的。但不同的是，它不是提供给每一个子句以同等地位的关系。从属连词强调的是其中一个被从属化的子句。 独立子句与从属子句的对比（Independent versus Dependent Clauses） 我们已知，一个独立子句（它能独立存在）必须含有主语、动词和相对完整的意义。而一个从属子句也有主语和动词，但它们的意义不够充分而让它们各自独立存在。其中一个需要从属于另一个子句，才能语义相对完整。当我们使用从属连词去连接子句时，它们开始都是相对独立的。但合并后关系就相互依存了。 例如 The ship returned [to port]. Its propeller was broken. 这两个子句各自包含的信息都是同等重要的。但实际上第一个句子的信息似乎更重要些。首先要知道船已经回港。为了突出它的重要性，作者便利用从属连词引出一个状语从属子句说明它回港的原因（可用#表示状语从属子句）： Because its propeller was broken. 全句图解如下 The ship returned [to port]. #because its propeller was broken. ↑ ↑ ↑ (independent clause) (subordinating conjunction) (dependent clause) 如果让这个从属子句独立存在，它的信息（Its propeller was broken）的重要性就轻多了。 让它单独存在，由于意义相对地不完整，它便成为残缺语块了。因此，从属连词的使用不能忽视主体意识的重要性。 练习一 辨认从属连词 先划出下列句子的主句，然后划出它的从句，最后标记它的从属连词 例如: The crowd raced [for their cars] #after the football game was over. 1. Gas prices increase during the summer because many people drive on their vacations. 2. Although the Congress consists of the House and Senate, they are distinctly different legislative bodies. 3. Golfers can play all day and night in Finland since the sun never sets. 4. The teenagers partied each day while their parents were away. 5. Before an earthquake sends tremors through the ground, some scientists believe animals can somehow sense it is going to happen. 6. The amateur hoopsters loved to travel first class as if they were a professional team. 7. Until their economy failed, the Russians were considered a world power. 8. Whether she sp