张行成先天数学初探——三论中国数学派.docVIP

　　张行成先天数学初探——三论中国数学派 摘要：南宋易学家张行成是继邵雍之后的又一位数学派 哲学 家，在“象”与“数”的内涵和关系 问题 上，认为“象”为卦爻象，“数”为奇偶数；先数后象，由数生象。在“理”与“数”问题上，主张数生于理。提出“理数”的概念，以“理数”为宇宙万物的本体。通过对“太极”的阐释，进一步表明“数本论”思想。认为“太极”是兼包理气、虚实、动静之“数”。通过《易》《玄》的比较说明“先天图”为浑天象，“太玄图”为盖天象。先天图实际上反映的是先天数。由“象”而推及“数”，由“数”而推及“理”，由“理数”而说明天道 规律 和宇宙本体，是张行成象数哲学的最大特色。 关键词：张行成；数本论；先天数学；宋代易学 A preliminary research on ZHANG Xing-cheng’s theory of prenatal numbers Abstract: ZHANG Xing-cheng, an expert at Yi learning in the Southern Song Dynasty, is another philosopher of the school of numberology. For the connotations of and correlations betages and numbers, he holds that images refer to images of the hexagrams and those of the lines, numbers refer to odd or even numbers; numbers are prior to images, and the numbers produce the images. For the relationship betbers, ZHANG insists the latter are produced from the former. More over, he raised the concept of “number of principle” and regards it as the noumenon of the myriad bEings. By explicating Taiji, he further exhibits his thought of “number ontology”, holding that Taiji simultaneously prise principles and Qi, solidness and emptiness, moving and stillness. By paring Yi and Tai xuan, he concludes that the “Prenatal Diagram” reflects an image of celestial globe, but the “Tai xuan Diagram” an image of the sky covering the earth. The “Primordial Diagram” actually reflects the primordial numbers. ZHANGs image-number philosophyis distinctively characterized bers” from “images”, inferring “principles” from “numbers”, and explicating the norm of the Dao (soPlainTextKey ber-ontology; the primordial number-ology; Yi learning of the Song Dynasty 　 中国 哲学史有没有一个数学派？近年学术界已开始关注这一问题。笔者曾发表过两篇文章[1][2]，认为哲学本体论上的数学派出现于宋代，以邵雍、张行成、蔡氏父子为代表。本文仅对张行成的先天数学思想作一探讨。  张行成，字文饶，因学归邵雍，“学康节先生易几十年”，人称“观物先生”。约生活于公元十二世纪。著有《周易述衍》、《皇极经世索隐》、《皇极经世观物外篇衍义》、《易通变》、《翼玄》、《元包数义》、《潜虚衍义》等。 《周易述衍》十八卷，相传为张行成杜门十年而撰成，主要是通过对《周易》的解说，以明三圣之义理。《皇极经世索隐》二卷与《皇极经世观物外篇衍义》九卷，分别为解说邵雍《皇极经世》观物内、外篇之作。张行成受易于谯定，而以郡雍之学为归宿，以康节后学自居。对观物内外篇极为推崇。他在《皇极经世索隐原序》中说：“观物篇之言