核磁共振成像原理.PPT.ppt

核磁共振成像原理 什么是核磁共振成像? 核磁共振的硬件 什么是核磁共振现象? 射频系统 梯度系统 Spin Echo sequence（自旋回波序列） 什么是核磁共振成像 ? MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging Magnetic Field（磁场） Radio Frequency Wave (RF)（射频） Nuclei of the tissue generates MR Signal （组织的核产生MR信号） 发射射频前 transmitting RF （发射射频） after transmitting RF （发射射频后） 核磁共振的硬件 什么是核磁共振现象? Billions of Hydrogen Atoms in the body The behavior of magnetic moment of Proton in a magnetic field （在磁场中质子磁矩的行为） The magnetic field (Bo) causes precession of the magnetic moment（磁场导致磁矩的进动） Frequency of precession - unique to each nucleus 进动频率 Larmor Equation w= gB Resonance共振 is - absorbing and reemitting energy吸收和 再释放能量 In MR, Radio Frequency waves (RF) are absorbed and reemitted在MR中，射频波是吸收和再释放 review What is needed for resonance?共振需要什么？ large number of nuclei (with spin and magnetic moment) Hydrogen atoms氢质子 a static magnetic field净磁场 Magnet磁体 RF pulse射频脉冲 absorb and re-emit energy the “re-emitted energy is the “MR Signal” （再释放的能量是MR信号） RF Excitation What does the RF pulse do? 1. It makes the nuclei precess “in phase” The “flipping” motion is actually a spiralling motion: 翻转移动实际上是一个螺旋形移动 90° pulse, 180° pulse How is the signal detected? 1.The net magnetization induces current in the transverse plane 净磁化感应横轴位电流 (electromagnetic induction law)（电磁感应定律） After the RF pulse is removed nuclei precession 核进动 View from top Relaxation (T1:spin-lattice relaxation) 弛豫（自旋-晶格弛豫） 纵向弛豫时间（T1)是指90度脉冲后，达到原纵向磁化矢量63%的时间。 横向弛豫时间（T2)是指90度脉冲后，原横向磁化矢量值衰减到37%的时间。 Rephase相位重聚 The 180° pulse is applied to rotate the magnetization back to phase. The signal obtained is called “echo”. 180度脉冲将磁化旋转回同相位， 获得信号称为回波 review The RF pulse “flips” the net magnetization vector 射频脉冲翻转净磁化矢量 actually it is a spiralling motion实际上它是螺旋形移动 When the RF coil does not send RF, it acts as a receiving coil 当射频线圈不发放射频脉冲时，它充当接收线圈 “MR signal” is actually the current induced by the magnetization vector MR信号实际上是由磁化矢量感应的电流 After the RF pulse is