浅论宣告失踪与宣告死亡制度的完善.doc

浅论宣告失踪与宣告死亡制度的完善 法学专业学生 宋彦俊 指导教师 周中建 摘要：宣告失踪与宣告死亡是现代民法中的一项重要制度，我国《民法通则》对此作了规定，但错漏颇多，有待进一步的完善。我国现行自然人宣告制度的立法体例值得检讨，应该确立德国式的立法体例，即我国应在民法通则规定的基础上，确立失踪人的财产代管制度代之原来的宣告失踪制度。而宣告死亡制度则应在保留原来规定的基础上进一步完善，失踪人的利害关系对失踪人宣告死亡的申请权不应有顺序之分。被宣告死亡人之死亡时间应为法定期间届满之日。宣告死亡的后果在私法上不能引起自然人民事权利能力的终止，终止的是一定时间范围内的部分民事法律关系。死亡宣告撤销后，其财产权利的恢复应区分不同的情况，婚姻关系一律不能自行恢复。不申请撤销死亡宣告的生还者仍应以民事主体的资格对待之。 关键词：宣告失踪；宣告死亡；完善；民法通则 On Declaring Disappearance and Death System’s Perfecting Student Majoring in Sociology SONG Yanjun Tutor ZHOU Zhongjian Abstract：Declaring disappearance and death is an important system in modern civil law.It is stipulated in General Principles of the Civil Law of the Peoples Republic of China, but it needs to lx made perfect in further step. such system country must be reformed. We must make legislation with German mode; that is to say, we should establish a system to replace missing persons declaration of the property superintended system, this system must base on our General Principle of the Civil Law. The death declaration system must be made further perfect in preserving primary regulation, the application right of declaration of death does not regulate in sequence with the missing persons interest relation. We should stick to the system .The dead time of the person who has been declared for death is the date that legislated time is due. The effect of death declaration canot terminate the capacity for civil rights of the natural person in private law, but a part of civil legal relationship in a certain time terminates. The dead date deduce from death declaration does not coincide with the date of natural death, it must be regulated for the legal cause for the rescind of death declaration, after rescind of death declaration, the property right resumes in different situation, marry relationship can not resume automatically. The living person who has not be applied for death declaration must be treated as civil body. Key words: declaration of disappea