第六章英汉句子对比要点.pptxVIP

Chapter 6 Contrastive Studies of Sentences; Word order of English English sentence patterns English sentence elements Principles underlying English sentence construction ; Word order of English IN linguistic description, word order usually refer to the sequence in which grammatical elements such as Subject, Verb, and Object occur in sentences. A great deal of attention has been paid to the way in which languages vary the order of these elements, as part of typological studies. ; Example The boy saw the man. SVO Jones I invited—not Smith. OSV Strange fits of passion have I known. OSV Which is the natural, unmarked word order in English?;;Six logical possibilities of word order SVO, SOV, VSO, VOS, OSV, OVS Of these, over 75% of the world’s languages use SVO or SOV. SVO: English, French, Vietnamese, Chinese SOV: Japanese, Tibetan, Korean German: SVO in main clauses; SOV in subordinate clauses. ;2. English sentence patterns 1) SV 2) SVO 3) SVOO 4) SVOC 5) S V P ; Honestly, knocking off after eight hours probably won’t earn me the corner office or the ____ promotion. But hey, leaving work at five o’ clock means I eat dinner with my family. --lucrative; ?A simple phone call to tell me about the problem ____(本可以省掉我所有的麻烦和开销) --would have?saved?me?all this fuss and expense.;One day, when I was 14, my uncle?sent me?a pink T-shirt from ST. Louis. Three years of romance and two years of marriage later, I got tired of him. He is the most unromantic man I know. He never bought me flowers, he never surprised me, and nothing had changed in our marriage. VOO Sent me a T-shirt Bought me flowers;3. Elements of English sentence 3.1 Subject All finite clauses (except imperative clauses) regularly contain a subject. The subject is characterized as follows. It: 1) is characteristically a noun phrase; 2) is in the nominative case of pronouns; 3) characteristically precedes the verb phrase; 4) requires the verb to agree with it in number and person.; T