论举证责任倒置的.docVIP

论举证责任倒置 摘　要 举证责任是法院裁判有效性的保证，也是确定当事人是否承担不利诉讼后果的依据，因此，举证责任在当事人之间的分配直接关系到司法公正和法治建设。“谁主张谁举证”是举证责任分配方式的一般原则，而举证责任倒置则为例外。最高人民法院《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》对这一分配方式的例外原则作了具体规定：第四条列举八种举证责任倒置的情况，尽管这些规定对保障司法公正、提高司法效率、推进我国法治建设发挥了一定作用，但是也因当事人对这些规定的错误理解和认识致使诉讼成本提高，诉讼效率降低，影响到法院判决的正确性；而学术界对法律规定的合理性也存在着争议。为了使人们正确认识举证责任倒置、完善相关的法律规定以提高司法效率、实现个案正义、促进学术界认识的统一，本文对举证责任倒置的各个方面内容进行初步探讨。 关键词：举证责任 倒置 分配 责任 Discussion of shifting the burden of proof Abstract Burden of proof is the assurance of usefulness in court’s judgment, and the basis of whether the party assumes the disadvantageous litigation result or not. Therefore how to distribute it between the parties connect with equity of judicatory and the construction of the rule of law. ” Whoever brings a lawsuit bears the burden of proof” is the principle of distributive’s method, and shifting the burden of proof is the exception. Supreme Peoples Court some provision concerning civil case in court proof made concrete provision to this exception principle: the fourth provision provides 8 kinds of proof the circumstance that the responsibility shifting. Although these provision have contribute to ensuring the equity of judicatory、advancing the efficiency of judicatory、pushes forward our country’s construction of rule of law, the parties’ misunderstanding leads to litigation cost raise, lower a litigation efficiency, influence the court sentence of accuracy; and the Scholars disagree with what prescribed in the law. For making the peoples correct understanding with shifting burden of proof, the perfect and related law rule with raise a judicial efficiency, individual case justice, the academic theories field cognitive unity, this text carried on a certain study towards shifting burden of proof of each aspect contents. Key Words: burden of proof shifting distribute responsibility 目　　录 摘要 1 Abstract 2 绪 论 4 一、举证责任倒置的本质及特点 4 （一）举证责任的本质及特点 4 （二）举证责任倒置的本质及特点 6 二、对我国法律规定的评析 8 （一）我国法律的相关规定及学者的认识 8