传感器测量系统设计教程.doc

PAGE  PAGE 20 课 程 设 计 说 明 书 学生姓名:学 号：学 院:班 级:题 目: 传感器测量系统设计  高 敏 指导教师： 高 敏 职称: 副 教 授 年 12 月 26 日 摘 要 在工程实践中,经常会遇到各种需要测量转速的场合，例如在发动机、电动机、卷扬机、机床主轴等旋转设备的试验、运转和控制中，常需要分时或连续测量和显示其转速及瞬时转速。要测速，首先要解决是采样问题。在使用模技术制作测速表时，常用测速发电机的方法，即将测速发电机的转轴与待测轴相连，测速发电机的电压高低反映了转速的高低。为了能精确地测量转速外,还要保证测量的实时性,要求能测得瞬时转速方法。因此转速的测试具有重要的意义。 关键词：电动机，单片机，传感器，晶振电路，流程图 目录 1 概述·····································································3 本课题设计的目的和意义··················································3 数字式转速测量系统的发展背景···········································3 2 单片机····································································4 2.1 单片机AT89C51介绍······················································4 3 系统方案提出和论证（传感器的选择）·········································7 3.1 方案一 霍尔传感器测量方案···············································7 3.2 方案二 光电传感器·······················································8 4 转速测量系统的原理························································9 4.1 转速测量方法····························································9 4.2 转速测量原理····························································9 5 系统硬件设计·······························································11 5.1 转速信号采集·····························································11 5.2 转速信号处理电路设计·····················································13 5.3 最小系统的设计··························································14 5.3.1 复位电路（图4.8）······················································14 5.3.2 晶振电路·······························································16 5.3.3 最小系统的仿真·························································17 总结·········································································18参考文献·····································································19 1 概述 1.1 本设计课题的目的和意义 在工程实践中,经常会遇到各种需要测量转速的场合, 例如在发动机、电动机、卷扬机、机床主轴等旋转设备的试验、运转和控制中,常需要分时或连续测量和显示其转速及瞬时转速。要测速，首先要解决是采样问题。在使用模技术制作测速表时，常用测速发电机的