新编汉英翻译教程_第三章.pptVIP

第 3 章;3.1词语指称意义与蕴涵意义的确定;＊词语的指称意义往往具有多重性,即一个词语具有几种不同的指称意义. 例如:“包袱”一词既可以指用布包起来起来的包儿,又可以指相声等曲艺节目中的笑料. ＊词语的搭配关系---辨析词语多重义项的依据,也是翻译中理解词义的重要手段。 例如:英军胜利地登上了小岛. a. The British army climbed onto the island successfully. b. The British army landed on the island successfully. “登”一词既有“爬，攀登”之意，又可理解为“登陆”．从本句的上下文看，登这一动作的施动者是军队，对象是小岛而非高山，“登上”意为登陆上岸，应译作land on，而非climb onto． ;;例如：知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也． 　　　When you know a thing, to hold that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it—this is knowledge. （James Legge译） 前四个“知”为“知道”的意思，最后一个为 “学识修养”． 例如：他对事情的进展情况也还满意． 　　He is quite satisfied with the way things went. “也”在句中是表示程度的副词，不可做“同样”解，不应译为also或as well. ;3.1.2 蕴涵意义的理解与表达 ＊蕴涵意义指词语内含的情感与联想意义，是词语的隐含意义，反映特有的思维方式和社会文化。 ＊同一词语的蕴涵意义是不同的。 例如：月亮与月球的指称意义相同，但月亮在汉语语言文化中又被赋予了团圆,爱情,故乡等含义. moon与月亮指称意义相同,但对英美人士,月亮使他们联想到反复无常的性格,阴森的气氛,甚至是在月圆之夜现身的狼人. ＊因此,译者应在深谙两种语言和文化的基础上尽可能忠实地再现原文的蕴涵意义,真正做到达意传神.;; c …只因生得妩媚风流,满学中都送了两个外号: 一个叫 “香怜”, 一个叫 “玉爱”. But on account of their good looks and charm they were nicknamed Sweetie and Lovely. … because of their glamorous looks and effected manners, were universally know by the nickname of Darling and Precious. ＊词语的蕴涵意义还体现为词语的文体特征，两个指称意义相同的词在文体上常有庄谐、雅俗之分. 例如: a : 红楼梦中称呼 “某某夫人” 和 “某某家的”, 指称意义相同,文体特征却大有不同. 所以 “夫人” 应译为 “Lady ××”, 而 “某某家的” 应译为 “××’s Wife”.; b : 克明: 觉新哪,你听着! Keming: Juexin, I want you to pay particular attention to this. × Keming: Listen, Juexin. ＊汉语中的颜色词,叠词,数词等词汇往往具有丰富的蕴涵意义. 颜色词: 联想意义,象征意义,感情色彩（除指称意思外） 例如: a: 客人一走进大门,扑鼻的是一阵幽香,入目的是绿蜡似的叶子和红霞或白雪似的花朵……. ; As guests entered the gate, they would first smell a sweet fragrance and then see the waxy green leaves and the rainbow red or snow-white flowers. b: 晚霞如同一片赤红的落叶坠到铺着黄尘的地上,斜阳之下的山冈变成了暗紫,好象是云海中的礁石. The evening glow there is like a patch of red leaves fallen on the ground covered with golden dust. Under the sloping sunrays the hills became dark brown, as if they were rocks among a sea of clouds. （red—scarlet=vivid