[2017年整理]经济学原理第二章课件.pptVIP

Measuring the Cost of Living 24 In this chapter, look for the answers to these questions: What is the Consumer Price Index (CPI)? How is it calculated? What’s it used for? What are the problems with the CPI? How serious are they? How does the CPI differ from the GDP deflator? How can we use the CPI to compare dollar amounts from different years? Why would we want to do this, anyway? How can we correct interest rates for inflation? A C T I V E L E A R N I N G 1 Calculate the CPI A C T I V E L E A R N I N G 1 Answers A C T I V E L E A R N I N G 1 Answers A C T I V E L E A R N I N G 2 Substitution bias A C T I V E L E A R N I N G 2 Answers A C T I V E L E A R N I N G 2 Answers A C T I V E L E A R N I N G 3 CPI vs. GDP deflator In each scenario, determine the effects on the CPI and the GDP deflator. A. Starbucks raises the price of Frappuccinos. B. Caterpillar raises the price of the industrial tractors it manufactures at its Illinois factory. C. Armani raises the price of the Italian jeans it sells in the U.S. A C T I V E L E A R N I N G 3 Answers A. Starbucks raises the price of Frappuccinos. The CPI and GDP deflator both rise. B. Caterpillar raises the price of the industrial tractors it manufactures at its Illinois factory. The GDP deflator rises, the CPI does not. C. Armani raises the price of the Italian jeans it sells in the U.S. The CPI rises, the GDP deflator does not. The U.S. Minimum Wage in Current Dollarsand Today’s Dollars, 1950-2007 A C T I V E L E A R N I N G 4 Converting to “today’s dollars” Annual tuition and fees, average of all public four-year colleges universities in the U.S. 1986-87: $1,414 (1986 CPI = 109.6) 2006-07: $5,834 (2006 CPI = 203.8) After adjusting for inflation, did students pay more for college in 1986 or in 2006? Convert the 1986 figure to 2006 dollars and compare. A C T I V E L E A R N I N G 4 Answers Annual tuition and fees, average of all public four-