【2017年整理】泌尿外科疾病诊断,泌尿造口种类和手术方式.ppt

经直肠超声探头及穿刺架 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 腹腔镜超声探头 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 　　应用多普勒超声仪可确定动、静脉走向，显示血管内血流情况，选择肾实质切开部位及诊断睾丸扭转。联合应用多普勒和实时超声显像能显示阴茎动脉及血流速度；海绵体动脉内径，海绵体形态等。有助于勃起障碍原因的确定。对尿道狭窄及其周围纤维性瘢痕的显示较尿道造影为佳。在B型超声引导下，可行穿刺、引流及活检等诊断和治疗。 超声检查能动态观察病情的发展，从而确定治疗时机和方针。由于不影响肾功能，不需要造影剂，可用于肾功能衰竭患者。超声检查不能提供细致的解剖结构变化，有时受骨骼、气体等的干扰而影响判断。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 正常肾脏血流 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2．X线检查 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (1)尿路平片(plain film of kidney-ureter-　　 　　　　　　　　　　　bladder，KUB)： 　　　能显示肾轮廓、大小、位置，腰大肌阴影，骨骼系统如脊柱裂、脊柱侧弯、肿瘤骨转移、脱钙，不透光阴影。侧位片有助于确定不透光阴影的来源。腰大肌阴影消失，提示腹膜后炎症或肾周感染。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 肾脏平片表现 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (2)排泄性尿路造影(excretolyurogram)： 　　　在限制饮水12小时及肠道充分准备下，静脉注射有机碘造影剂20ml，分别于注射后10、25、45、60分钟摄片。需要时延长拍片时间。显示尿路形态，有无扩张、外形不规则、推移、压迫和充盈缺损等。可同时作排尿造影。肾功能良好者10分即显影，若60分钟仍不显影为某侧肾脏无功能。为分侧肾功能试验。造影前应作碘过敏试验。不同程度过敏反应时有发生。对离子型碘造影剂过敏时，可应用非离子型造影剂。妊娠及肾功能严重损害为禁忌证。 一般剂量造影显影不良时，可用大剂量快速注射(双倍剂量)或静脉滴注尿路造影。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Kub＋ivp Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 肾脏的造影表现 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 泌尿系统的造影表现 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Cl