金属材料专业英语简单简介.ppt

Unit 6 An Introduction to Metallic Materials We should grasp… What is a metal? What is an alloy? What are the differences between their properities? Explain solid solution and intermetallic compound. New Words Expressions from Part1 roam[r?um] graphite[gr?fait] malleable[m?li?bl] ductile[‘d?ktail] soluble[‘s?ljubl] chromium[‘kr?umj?m] transition[tr?n‘zi??n ] shell[?el] Translation I The outmost layer of electrons 最外层电子 Free election gas 自由电子气 Electrical conductivity 电导率，电导性 Plain-carbon steel 普通碳素钢 Solid solution 固溶体，固溶液，固体溶液 Translation II Intermetallic compound 金属互化物 Metallic material 金属材料 Strainless steel 不锈钢 Solute 溶质 Solvent 溶剂 What is a Metal? Q: What is a Metal? A: Metal is consisted of positive centers (or ions) sitting in a “gas ” of free-electros.It tends to be good electrical conductors. What is an Alloy? Consist of a mixture of a pure and one or more other elements. 由两种或两种以上的金属或金属与非金属经一定方法所合成的具有金属特性的物质。 Its some properties: less malleable and ductile than pure metals and tend to have lower to melting points. 合金的一些性质：延展性较差，低熔点。 Something else….. 1、合金根据组成元素的数目，可分为二元合金、三元合金和多元合金。 2、根据结构的不同，合金主要类型是： (1)混合物合金：当液态合金凝固时，构成合金的各组分分别结晶而成的合金，如焊锡； (2)固熔体合金当液态合金凝固时形成固溶体的合金，如金银合金； (3)金属互化物合金：各组分相互形成化合物的合金，如铜、锌组成的黄铜。 3、合金的一些性质： (1)多数合金熔点低于其组分中任一种组成金属的熔点； (2)硬度比其组分中任一金属的硬度大； (3)合金的导电性和导热性低于任一组分金属。利用合金的这一特性，可以制造高电阻和高热阻材料。还可制造有特殊性能的材料。 (4)有的抗腐蚀能力强(如不锈钢) 4、常见合金：　球墨铸铁、锰钢、不锈钢、黄铜、青铜、白铜、焊锡、硬铝、18K黄金、18K白金。 What is an Alloy? Q: What is an Alloy? A: An alloy consists of a mixture of a pure metal and one or more other elements which can be metals or non-metal. Q: What are the differences between their properties? A:Alloys are usually less malleable and ductile than pure metals and the tend to have lower melting points. Think about….. Give examples to explain soild solution and intermetallic compound? Solid Solutions In many cases ,metals are quite soluble in other metals .For example ,solid copper and soild nickel are fully soluble