CHAPTER11PHASETRANSFORMATIONS-ClarksonUniversity.pptVIP

ISSUES TO ADDRESS... ? Transforming one phase into another takes time. ? How does the rate of transformation depend on time and T? 1 ? How can we slow down the transformation so that we can engineer non-equilibrium structures? ? Are the mechanical properties of non-equilibrium structures better? PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS 2 ? Fraction transformed depends on time. ? Transformation rate depends on T. ? r often small: equil not possible! Adapted from Fig. 10.1, Callister 6e. Adapted from Fig. 10.2, Callister 6e. (Fig. 10.2 adapted from B.F. Decker and D. Harker, Recrystallization in Rolled Copper, Trans AIME, 188, 1950, p. 888.) FRACTION OF TRANSFORMATION 3 3 Adapted from Fig. 9.21,Callister 6e. (Fig. 9.21 adapted from Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, 2nd ed., Vol. 1, T.B. Massalski (Ed.-in-Chief), ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1990.) TRANSFORMATIONS UNDERCOOLING 4 ? Growth of pearlite from austenite: ? Reaction rate increases with DT. Adapted from Fig. 9.13, Callister 6e. Adapted from Fig. 10.3, Callister 6e. EUTECTOID TRANSFORMATION RATE ~ DT 5 ? Reaction rate is a result of nucleation and growth of crystals. ? Examples: Adapted from Fig. 10.1, Callister 6e. NUCLEATION AND GROWTH 6 ? Fe-C system, Co = 0.77wt%C ? Transformation at T = 675C. Adapted from Fig. 10.4,Callister 6e. (Fig. 10.4 adapted from H. Boyer (Ed.) Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, 1977, p. 369.) ISOTHERMALTRANSFORMATION DIAGRAMS 7 ? Eutectoid composition, Co = 0.77wt%C ? Begin at T 727C ? Rapidly cool to 625C and hold isothermally. Adapted from Fig. 10.5,Callister 6e. (Fig. 10.5 adapted from H. Boyer (Ed.) Atlas of Isothermal Transformation and Cooling Transformation Diagrams, American Society for Metals, 1997, p. 28.) EX: COOLING HISTORY Fe-C SYSTEM 8 ? Ttransf just below TE --Larger T: diffusion is faster --Pearlite is coarser. Two cases: ? Ttransf well below T