Lezione1-IceCubeNeutrinoObservatory.docVIP

Discussion Session on DC circuits Problem 1 on resistance dependence on T The resistivity of tungsten increases approximately linearly from 56 n??( m at 293 K and 1.1 ?? ( m at 3500 K. Estimate (a) the resistance and (b) the diameter of a tungsten filament used in a 40 W bulb, assuming that the filament temperature is about 2500 K and that a 100 V dc supply is used to power the light bulb. Assume that the length of the filament is constant and equal to 0.5 cm. Picture the Problem We can use the relationship between the rate at which energy is transformed into heat and light in the filament and the resistance of and potential difference across the filament to estimate the resistance of the filament. The linear dependence of the resistivity on temperature will allow us to find the resistivity of the filament at 2500 K. We can then use the relationship between the resistance of the filament, its resistivity, and cross-sectional area to find its diameter. (a) Express the wattage of the lightbulb as a function of its resistance R and the voltage V supplied by the source: Solve for R to obtain: Substitute numerical values and evaluate R: (b) Relate the resistance R of the filament to its resistivity (, radius r, and length (: Solve for r to obtain: and the diameter d of the filament is (1) Because the resistivity varies linearly with temperature, we can use a proportion to find its value at 2500 K: Solve for (2500 K to obtain: Substitute numerical values and evaluate (2500 K: Substitute numerical values in equation (1) and evaluate d: Problem 2 on Direct-Current circuits In the circuit in the figure, the reading of the ammeter is the same with both switches open and both switches closed. Find the resistance R. Picture the Problem Note that when both switches are closed the 50-( resistor is shorted. With both switches open, we can apply Kirchhoff’s loop rule to find the current I in the 100-( re