MechanicalProperties-DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering.pptVIP

Mechanical Properties Stress-strain Diagram: Fundamentals Stress and strain:definitions Types of loading Tension Test:engineering properties Elastic Deformation in metals Fundamental concept of elastic deformation Elastic deformation Poisson’s ratio:another elastic property Yield point (continuous)non-ferrous alloys Yield Point (discontinuous)steels Types of yielding Plastic Deformation Some notes What happens to the specimen during the tension test? What is the mechanism of fracture? Process of fracture Some ending notes True stress= Load/ Instantaneous cross-sectional area s = P/Ai True strain = displacement/instantaneous length e = ln (l/l0) Plastic portion of true stress-strain curve described by s = K en (Hollomon/Power law) K =strength coefficient n = work hardening coefficient True stress-strain diagram Effect of temperature b a c k n e x t h o m e * b a c k n e x t h o m e * Stress = Load/Cross-sectional area Strain = Displacement/Reference length Engineering stress= load/initial cross-sectional area=P/A0 Engineering strain= displacement/initial length=d/l0 Linear Obeys Hooke’s law for metals s= E e Slope = elastic modulus, E Model to explain elasticity Eng. stress Eng. strain Slope = Elastic modulus, E Area under curve = resilience Specimen elongates in the longitudinal direction but contracts laterally Note: There is no lateral stress only lateral deformation due to an elastic property of the material called Poisson’s ratio, n n = - lateral strain/longitudinal strain Eng. stress Eng. strain sy 0.2% offset Proportionality limit Yield strength Offset is 0.2% of the gage length Eng. stress Upper yield point Lower yield point Eng. strain Eng. stress Eng. strain x Ultimate tensile strength or tensile strength Fracture stress Area under the curve TOUGHNESS % elongation to fracture Eng. stress Eng. strain x Real curve Ideally plastic curve Strain/work hardening Increase in stress for every deformation