NutritionLecture-IowaStateUniversity.pptVIP

Nutrition requirements change throughout life growth pregnancy lactation work essential nutrients protein **carbohydrates **fat **minerals **vitamins **H2O Protein AA - compounds of muscle, enzymes and hormone 8-10% protein for mature horse ample protein with high quality hay and grain poor hay - add SBM, or oilseed products quality hay limiting AA - lysine and methionine excess methionine depletes copper and zinc (hoof wall) exercise - little if any increase needed usually met with increase of ration excessive protein - increased fluid loss in sweat and urine need more H2O Carbohydrate primary source in equine diet consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen sugars, starches, celluloses absorbed from intestine as glucose glucose stimulates insulin release, which lowers blood glucose peak levels of glucose and insulin about 2 hours after feeding - normal in 5 hours excess CHO stored as glycogen in muscle or liver exercise - increase grain to hay ratio to increase energy available Fat concentrated source of energy - twice the calories as CHO composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen as fatty acids feed fat to provide 5-15% of energy in diet add fat supplement - raise energy content of ration without increasing volume in pelleted feeds - rancidity digest and utilize fats readily - 90% absorbed from intestine into bloodstream stored as triglycerides in muscle or adipose tissue - principal source for aerobic metabolism Minerals inorganic substances formation of structural components and energy transfer exercise maintain osmotic pressure and fluid balance activity of nervous and muscular systems macrominerals calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, sulfur microminerals cobalt, copper, fluorine, iodine, iron, manganese, selenium, zinc exercise - sodium, potassium, chloride calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and zinc excess excreted in urine over-supplementation one mineral prevents absorption of another zinc inhibits calcium and copper absorption calcium inh