Stress-strainrelations.docVIP

Stress-strain relations Introductory remarks From previous considerations, it is clear we need the relations between strains and stresses for various mechanical states of the continuum: in elastic range in elastic-plastic range in the case of plastic hardening. Total strain theory (Hencky-Ilyushin theory) The total strain theory, also called the theory of small elastic-plastic strains, has been formulated by Hencky in 1924 and developed by Iliushin in 1943. The generalization of the elasticity theory can be made supposing the relationships between stress and strain tensors: principal directions of stress and strain state agree (they are the same), medium stress is proportional to medium strain; the coefficient of proportion is such as in the low of the volume change (Hooke’s), the intensity of stress is a function of the intensity of strain, specified during experiments. The basic relations are of the form: , or, in tensorial form: , , where the function determines the plastic strain advancement. For the perfect plasticity (without the plastic hardening), the function can be determined from yield criterion. Multiplying the first equation by itself, we get: and defining the intensities of stress and strain: we have, introducing the Huber’s criterion : For unloading processes, the elastic formulae are valid: , where the swung dash means the point from which the unloading process begins. Flow theory of Levy-Mises The oldest theory of Levy from 1870 neglects the elastic strain, supposing perfectly plastic material with the proportionality between deviators of stress and (small) strain rates: , or, in tensorial form: . The above equation resembles the rheological constitutive equation and hence the name. The unknown function ( has to be determined from the yield criterion. Mises modified Levy’s original proposition with Tresca’s criterion. The Huber’s criterion is more convenient for calculations. Proceeding as before, we get: , and from the definition of the st