【2017年整理】中科院博士入学考试英语阅读技巧.ppt

中科院博士入学考试英语阅读技巧 1．句子中的标点符号的作用 句号：用来分割句子。 逗号：两个逗号之间或一个逗号之后，是一个补充说明成分，可以先不看。 句子中的标点符号的作用 冒号：冒号前后是从抽象到具体的过程，后面进一步具体说明前面的内容。 She came to hate the endless chores that swallowed her time: washing dishes, making beds, scrubbing floors. 冒号可以表示各种逻辑上的关系，如： I went to bed early: the long journey had tired me. (表示因果) Columbus discovered a string of islands: he did not discover the American Continent.(表示反意) 句子中的标点符号的作用 分号：分号前后是并列关系。包括结构上并列和语义上并列两种。 Sixty years ago Melville was almost forgotten; today he is regarded as one of American’s great authors. Professor Ye will have to cope with a very heavy workload; she has been invited to lecture at quite a number of universities in the U.S. One moment he was friendly, even warm; the next he was coldly indifferent. 句子中的标点符号的作用 破折号：两个破折号之间或一个破折号之后，是补充说明成分，可以先不看。 Mary comes every week—on Tuesdays—to help with the laundry. (作用与括号相似) They gave him a new camera for Christmas—and a film to go with it. (表示附加补充) He bought a house just outside the town—a magnificent building. (解释前文) In future prose, two fields are certainly sure to find cultivation—the field of the essay and the field of the sketch. (相当于冒号的作用) 句子中的标点符号的作用 引号：一种是引用别人观点，其作用要么是作为支持的观点，要么作为批判的对象；另一种是说反话，表示反语。 句子中的标点符号的作用 括号：括号内的内容起补充说明或解释词义的作用。 The day before one of my midterm history exams I still hadn’t found time to read the first book on the reading list. (That, of course, is a very common disease at Harvard.)（附加，补充） 2．长难句解析方法 1). 长难句包括简单句和复合句，复合句的每一个句子的核心部分是主语和谓语，而每一个复合句的核心是主句。认识复合句首先要把握好从句间的关系，而表现这些关系要依靠连接词that, although, so that, before等具有语法功能的词。常见的长难句种的基本语法结构：⑴ 形式主语或宾语⑵ 强调结构⑶ 非限定性定语从句⑷ 同位语从句⑸ 倒装结构⑹ 虚拟语气If you were/had come here yesterday, you would have seen that famous professor.作者用虚拟语气一般表示建议、态度和观点。⑺ 省略 2．长难句解析方法 2). 具体分为如下4步： 　第一步、确定句子有几个洋葱（一个完整的句子为一个洋葱，有时一个句号却有好几个完整的句子）。 第二步、给句子剥皮。每构成一个独立的语法就构成一成皮。 第三步、把每层皮翻译成中文 第四步、把很多简单的中文句子组合成中文长句(三四步为翻译步骤） 长难句解析方法 She， who is her mother‘s daughter， is a girl of beauty which is envied by Lily whose ugliness is s