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Annual Glyphosate Treatments Alter Growth of Unaffected Bentgrass (Agrostis) Weeds and Plant Community Composition.doc

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Annual Glyphosate Treatments Alter Growth of Unaffected Bentgrass (Agrostis) Weeds and Plant Community Composition

AnnualGlyphosateTreatmentsAlterGrowthof UnaffectedBentgrass(Agrostis)WeedsandPlant CommunityComposition CollinW.Ahrens,CarolA.Auer* AgriculturalBiotechnologyLab,DepartmentofPlantScience,UniversityofConnecticut,Storrs,Connecticut,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Herbicideresistanceisbecomingmorecommoninweedecotypesandcropspeciesincludingturfgrasses,butcurrentgaps inknowledgelimitpredictiveecologicalriskassessmentsandriskmanagementplans.Thisprojectexaminedtheeffectof annualglyphosateapplicationsonthevegetativegrowthandreproductivepotentialoftwoweedybentgrasses,creeping bentgrass(CB)andredtop(RT),wheretheglyphosateresistance(GR)traitwasmimickedbycoveringthebentgrassplants during glyphosate application. Five field plots were studied in habitats commonly inhabited by weedy bentgrasses including an agricultural hayfield, natural meadow, and wasteland. Results showed that annual glyphosate treatment improved bentgrass survivorship, vegetative growth, and reproductive potential compared with bentgrass in unsprayed subplots.Inthesecondyearofgrowth,RTplantshadan86-foldincreaseinflowernumberinglyphosate-treatedsubplots versuscontrols,whileCBplantshada20-foldincrease.Attheendofthethreeyearstudy,plantcommunitycomposition hadchangedinglyphosate-treatedsubplotsinhayfieldandmeadowplotscomparedtocontrols.Soilsinsubplotsreceiving glyphosatehadhighernitrateconcentrationsthancontrols.ThisisthefirststudytomimictheGRtraitinbentgrassplants with the goal of quantifying bentgrass response to glyphosate selection pressure and understanding the impacts on surroundingplantcommunities. Citation: Ahrens CW, Auer CA (2012) Annual Glyphosate Treatments Alter Growth of Unaffected Bentgrass (Agrostis) Weeds and Plant Community Composition.PLoSONE7(12):e50643.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050643 Editor:LuisHerrera-Estrella,CentrodeInvestigacio′nydeEstudiosAvanzadosdelIPN,Mexico ReceivedJuly18,2012;AcceptedOctober23,2012;PublishedDecember4,2012 Copyright: ? 2012 Ahrens, Auer. This is an open-access articl